The versatile cannabis plant may have a new use: it could be used to control epileptic seizures with fewer side effects than currently prescribed anti-convulsants.
Ben Whalley at the University of Reading, UK, and colleagues worked with GW Pharmaceuticals in Wiltshire, UK, to investigate the anti-convulsant properties of cannabidivarin (CBDV), a little-studied chemical found in cannabis and some other plants.
There is "big, historical, anecdotal evidence" that cannabinoids can be used to control human seizures, says Whalley, but the "side-effect baggage" means there have been relatively few studies of its pharmaceutical effect on this condition.
The team investigated the effectiveness of CBDV one of around 100 non-psychoactive cannabinoids found in cannabis as an anti-convulsant. They induced seizures in live rats and mice that had been given the drug. These animals experienced less severe seizures and lower mortality compared with animals given a placebo. The drug also had fewer side effects and was better tolerated than three of the most widely prescribed anticonvulsants.
Epileptic seizures affect about one per cent of the population. Left uncontrolled, they can lead to depression, cognitive decline and death. If you control the seizures, says Whalley, "the chances of death drop away completely". The decision about whether to test the drug in humans will be made next year.
"This is a very positive result," says Ley Sander, an epilepsy specialist at University College London, UK, who was not involved in the study. "We need new drugs," he says. "For 20-30 per cent of people with epilepsy, nothing seems to work."
But he urges caution. "The animals in the study are made epileptic," he says, which is not how epilepsy is acquired in humans. He adds that what you see in animal models doesn't always translate directly into humans.
"Most compounds showing promise in preclinical studies never reach market," warns Mark Richardson of the Epilepsy Research Group at King's College London. "But I agree that these results justify progressing further down the drug development pipeline."
Journal reference: British Journal of Pharmacology, DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.02207.x
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Cannabis anti-convulsant shakes up epilepsy treatment