The term cerebellar ataxia syndrome is a description of a set of symptoms rather than a specific diagnosis or disease. Ataxia refers to an unsteadiness of gait or lack of muscle coordination. Cerebellar refers to the part of the brain called the cerebellum. The cerebellum is located inside the back and base of the skull, just above the top of the spinal cord. It processes input from other areas of the brain, the spinal cord, and sensory receptors. It is responsible for coordination and balance.
In cerebellar ataxia syndrome, people may have an unsteady gait or lack of coordination because of problems with the cerebellum. Cerebellar ataxia can be classified as acute (happening suddenly and rapidly) or chronic (happening slowly over time). It can also be recurrent (happening on and off over time) or progressive (getting worse over time).
Symptoms of cerebellar ataxia syndrome can appear without any obvious cause, but there are many diseases, disorders and conditions that can cause it. They include infectious diseases, inherited or genetic conditions, certain medications, tumors, trauma, and vascular conditions. Because of the range of possible causes of cerebellar ataxia syndrome, a correct diagnosis of the underlying disease, disorder or condition is important. Contact your healthcare provider for a physical exam if you have an unsteady gait, difficulty walking or talking, or problems with coordination.
The exact incidence of cerebellar ataxia syndrome in the United States is not known. However, it can happen at any age, in both males and females. Children younger than three are most likely to experience acute cerebellar ataxia, usually after a viral infection, such as chickenpox. Adults are more likely to experience chronic cerebellar ataxia that is associated with another neurological condition, such as multiple sclerosis or tumors.
Treatment of cerebellar ataxia syndrome depends on the underlying disease, disorder or condition. Acute cerebellar ataxia caused by viral infections will usually go away without treatment after several weeks. Treating other underlying diseases, disorders or conditions can help improve symptoms. Otherwise, treatment is supportive and is aimed at relieving symptoms and assisting with daily activities.
In some cases, the sudden appearance of the symptoms of cerebellar ataxia syndrome may indicate a serious and potentially life-threatening condition. Seek immediate medical care (call 911) for sudden symptoms, such as difficulty speaking or walking, uncoordinated body movements, and severe headache or continued dizziness.
Seek prompt medical care if you have mild symptoms that are persistent, recur, or cause you concern.
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Cerebellar Ataxia Syndrome - Healthgrades