Page Summary: Embryonic stem research cannot take place apart from dead human embryos. Embryonic stem cells cannot be culled without killing the embryo. Whether these tiny human beings are explicitly killed for research purposes or not, the ethics of the matter do not change.
The National Institutes of Health (NIH) tells us this about stem cells:
Because stem cells can differentiate into specialized cell types, they have the potential to replace or repair damaged tissue, be used for organ transplants and treat all sorts of diseases. Much research is left to be done, but the use of stem cells could potentially cure diabetes, Parkinson's disease, spinal chord injuries, heart conditions, and more.
Before going further, it must be emphasized that there are different types of stem cells, which carry vastly different ethical implications. Until recently, researchers worked with two kinds of stem cells: embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and "somatic" or "adult" stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are the undifferentiated cells from which all our body parts, organs, tissues, etc. originally developed. These cells are obtained by transferring the inner cell mass of the embryo into a culture dish, but can only be done by killing the embryo. This is what makes embryonic stem cell research an ethical question. Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found in various tissues throughout the body, including the brain, bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, muscle, skin, teeth, etc., and are thought to maintain and repair damaged tissue. These can be obtained without harm to the donor.
In 2007, a new stem cell method was discovered that actually "reprograms" ordinary cells (like skin cells) to revert into an embryonic stem cell-like state. These stem cells are called Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) and are essentially no different than embryonic stem cells, with one exception: they do not require the killing of embryos. The scientist who discovered this reprogramming technique, Dr. Shinya Yamanaka of Japan, said the following:
Dr. Yamanaka states that iPSCs overcome two main problems with embryonic stem cell research: (1) immune rejection: since the embryonic stem cells that would theoretically be introduced into patients do not carry the same genetic code, the body may reject them (as has been observed in studies on mice); and (2) the ethical dilemna: the only way to derive embryonic stem cells is to kill embryos. With the discovery of iPSCs, embryo-like stem cells can be derived from a patient's own cells, which carry the same genes and will not be rejected by the body, and, more importantly, they do not require the killing of embryos.
Despite the ethical controversy surrounding embryonic stem cell research, and the scientific advances which allow for the ethical controversy to be avoided altogether, the U.S. government began providing federal funding for embryonic stem cell research in 2001. Prior to this, federal funds could not be used for embryonic stem cell research, but President Bush changed that when he adopted a policy that allowed government funding to be applied towards research on a limited number of embryonic stem cell lines. The statement that spelled out those limitations reads as follows:
President Bush tried to toe the moral line by ensuring that no new embryos would be created and destroyed for stem cell research. On March 9, 2009, President Obama issued a new executive order, revoking the former policy. Federal funding can now be used for embryonic stem cell research, without regard to creation date and without regard to the future life of the embryo. Dr. Curt Civin, who serves as the founding director of the University of Maryland Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine defends the practice this way, "This was already life that was going to be destroyed, the choice is throw them away or use them for research." Dr. Civin conveniently ignores a third option: embryo adoption. Frozen embryos need not be consigned to the trashcan or the microscope!
Largely lost in the discussion is the fact that, in the eight years that the federal government has funded embryonic stem cell research, the proposed benefits are still wholly speculative (President Obama admits the potential benefit "remains unknown"). To date no human embryonic stem cells have actually been used to cure or treat diseases (although the FDA recently cleared the California-based company Geron to use human embryonic stem cells for clinical trial). Adult stem cells, on the other hand, have already helped with over 73 diseases (this according to the Family Research Council and peer-reviewed published research). Time will tell what scientists can do with iPSCs, but remarkable research is already being done. In fact, Dr. Oz surprised Michael J. Fox and Oprah Whinfrey when he declared on her show that "the stem cell debate is dead". It is not embryonic stem cell research that will ultimately cure diseases like Parkinson's, he maintains, but rather iPSCs. Dr. Oz believes iPSC based cures are less than ten years away.
Of course, even if you want to defend the ethical merits of embryonic stem cell research, do not confuse the debate over the federal funding of embryonic stem cell research with the debate over embryonic stem cell research itself. The opportunity for private corporations to acquire and study fetal tissue samples has long been in place. For those individuals and companies who have no ethical qualms with the "therapeutic" killing of embryos, they have the legal freedom to pursue their research on their own time and their own dime. Objecting taxpayers need not foot the bill, until now. That's how the federal funding of embryonic stem cell research changes the debate. To better illustrate this distinction, let's compare embryonic stem cell research with legal prostitution. As you may or may not know, prostitution is lawful throughout much of the state of Nevada. Despite the fact that lots of people find prostitution to be morally reprehensible, the state of Nevada has made it lawful for its citizens to engage in. Now what if, instead of just making prostitution legal, Nevada also made it state funded requiring its citizens to pay the operating costs of brothels across the state? You see where we're going with this. A strong case can be made for outlawing embryonic stem cell research outright, just as a strong case can be made for outlawing prostitution outright. But even if you're going to defend the merits of the practices in question, how can it possibly be reasonable for objecting citizens to be made to pay for them?!
The reason people who oppose abortion tend to also oppose embryonic stem cell research is because extracting stem cells from embryos kills them. Embryonic stem cell lines cannot be established apart from dead embryos. Therefore, since embryos (just like fetuses and newborns and infants and adults) are human beings, embryonic stem cell research is unjust and unjustified. It is the killing of one person (actually many persons) in the theoretic attempt to save other people. Is it justifiable to kill one person in order to spare someone else from disease? At its essence, the driving philosophy behind embryonic stem cell research is one that places less value on individual human life than it does on the "greater human good". While this may sound altruistic on the surface, it has been the historic basis for all manner of human rights abuses.
See the original post here:
Facts About Abortion: Stem Cell Research and Abortion
- Politics of Stem Cell Research - May 7th, 2011 [May 7th, 2011]
- Obama Ends Funding Ban for Stem Cell Research - May 8th, 2011 [May 8th, 2011]
- Stem Cell Research: A Father's Fight - May 10th, 2011 [May 10th, 2011]
- Human Embryonic stem cell research - May 11th, 2011 [May 11th, 2011]
- Frost Over The World - Stem Cell Research and Turkey -26 Oct - May 20th, 2011 [May 20th, 2011]
- McCain Favors Embryonic Stem Cell Research - May 20th, 2011 [May 20th, 2011]
- US divided over stem cell research reversal - 09 Mar 09 - May 21st, 2011 [May 21st, 2011]
- The Politics and Promise of Stem Cell Research - May 22nd, 2011 [May 22nd, 2011]
- Inside Story - Obama to end stem cell research ban - March 9 - Part1 - May 30th, 2011 [May 30th, 2011]
- Cardiovascular Therapies: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - Douglas Boyd - June 3rd, 2011 [June 3rd, 2011]
- The Human Embryo and Embryonic Stem Cell Biology: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - June 3rd, 2011 [June 3rd, 2011]
- US appeals court lifts stem cell research ban - June 7th, 2011 [June 7th, 2011]
- Trailer for Mapping Stem Cell Research: Terra Incognita - June 9th, 2011 [June 9th, 2011]
- Politics: President Obama on Stem Cell Research - June 10th, 2011 [June 10th, 2011]
- Stem Cell Research Documentary - June 11th, 2011 [June 11th, 2011]
- TEDxSingapore - Susan Lim - Hype and hope of stem cell research - June 13th, 2011 [June 13th, 2011]
- Lou Gehrig's Disease (ALS): Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - Wrapup - June 14th, 2011 [June 14th, 2011]
- The Next Frontier in Stem Cell Research - June 17th, 2011 [June 17th, 2011]
- Robert Klein: Stem Cell Research - June 22nd, 2011 [June 22nd, 2011]
- Fibrocell Stem-Cell Wrinkle Smoother Wins FDA Clearance - June 23rd, 2011 [June 23rd, 2011]
- The Politics of Stem Cell Research - June 23rd, 2011 [June 23rd, 2011]
- A Dose of Reality on Alternative Stem Cell Treatments: What you don't know can hurt you - June 28th, 2011 [June 28th, 2011]
- Governor Tim Pawlenty Discusses Stem Cell Research - June 30th, 2011 [June 30th, 2011]
- The EU and stem cell research - July 5th, 2011 [July 5th, 2011]
- Parkinson's Disease: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - Jeff Bronstein - July 6th, 2011 [July 6th, 2011]
- Cardiovascular Therapies: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - Yung-Wei Chi - July 7th, 2011 [July 7th, 2011]
- Spotlight on Cancer Stem Cell Research - July 11th, 2011 [July 11th, 2011]
- A Stem Cell Story - July 12th, 2011 [July 12th, 2011]
- Bishop Blair bars support for Komen breast cancer group - July 13th, 2011 [July 13th, 2011]
- Stem Cell Research In Toronto - July 14th, 2011 [July 14th, 2011]
- Arthritis: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - Introduction - July 14th, 2011 [July 14th, 2011]
- Huntington's Disease: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research 2007 - Han Keirstead - July 15th, 2011 [July 15th, 2011]
- TMconfUK2011-08 - Stem Cell Research in the UK - Prof Charles Ffrench-Constant - July 16th, 2011 [July 16th, 2011]
- UCSF opens stem cell research building - July 16th, 2011 [July 16th, 2011]
- HIV/AIDS: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - John Zaia - July 17th, 2011 [July 17th, 2011]
- Deafness: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - Ebenezer Yamoah - July 22nd, 2011 [July 22nd, 2011]
- Spotlight on Basic Stem Cell Research - Irv Weissman - July 25th, 2011 [July 25th, 2011]
- Diabetes: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - Peter Butler - July 27th, 2011 [July 27th, 2011]
- Parkinson's Disease: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - Arnold Kriegstein - July 27th, 2011 [July 27th, 2011]
- HIV/AIDS: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - Loren Leeds - July 27th, 2011 [July 27th, 2011]
- Alzheimer's Disease: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - Leeza Gibbons - August 2nd, 2011 [August 2nd, 2011]
- Geron's Embryonic Stem Cell Clinical Trial for Spinal Cord Injury - August 3rd, 2011 [August 3rd, 2011]
- The Skin Gun stem cell research - August 10th, 2011 [August 10th, 2011]
- Deafness: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - Karen Doyle - August 10th, 2011 [August 10th, 2011]
- Stem Cell Research: Huntington's Disease - August 14th, 2011 [August 14th, 2011]
- Adult and Non-Embryonic Stem Cell Research Conference at Notre Dame - August 20th, 2011 [August 20th, 2011]
- Stemcell Research and Aging - Panel 1 - August 22nd, 2011 [August 22nd, 2011]
- Texans for Stem Cell Research Learn for Life: KXAN Coverage Aired August 16th, 2011 - August 24th, 2011 [August 24th, 2011]
- Stem Cell Research: Macular Degeneration - September 18th, 2011 [September 18th, 2011]
- Brilliant Minds - Stem Cell Research | Tomorrow Today - September 25th, 2011 [September 25th, 2011]
- Ethics of Stem Cell Research (1) - September 29th, 2011 [September 29th, 2011]
- Legal and Public Policy Dimensions of Stem Cell Research - September 29th, 2011 [September 29th, 2011]
- Stem cell symposium - October 2nd, 2011 [October 2nd, 2011]
- StemCONN 2011, The Latest in Stem Cell Research - October 6th, 2011 [October 6th, 2011]
- Arthritis: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - Mark Genovese - October 7th, 2011 [October 7th, 2011]
- Judy Roberson: Patient advocates drive stem cell scientists - October 8th, 2011 [October 8th, 2011]
- Sam Harris - Stem Cells and Morality - October 8th, 2011 [October 8th, 2011]
- Stem Cell Research, Ethics and Religion - October 9th, 2011 [October 9th, 2011]
- Stem Cells: Fulfilling the Promise - 2011 CIRM Grantee Meeting - October 10th, 2011 [October 10th, 2011]
- The Skin Gun (Stem Cell research to replace burnt off skin. Done in 3 days!) - October 13th, 2011 [October 13th, 2011]
- Alzheimer's Stem Cell Research Patient Advocate Spotlight: The Faces of Neurodegenerative Disease - Video - October 18th, 2011 [October 18th, 2011]
- Life in the Balance: Perspectives on Stem Cell Research - Video - October 18th, 2011 [October 18th, 2011]
- Stem Cell Research Funding Halt - Video - October 19th, 2011 [October 19th, 2011]
- Vatican lending hand in adult stem cell research - Video - October 20th, 2011 [October 20th, 2011]
- First Spinal-Cord Surgery With Stem Cells - Video - October 21st, 2011 [October 21st, 2011]
- Michael J. Fox Embryonic Stem Cell Research - Video - October 22nd, 2011 [October 22nd, 2011]
- stem cell research - Video - October 22nd, 2011 [October 22nd, 2011]
- Gayle Atteberry - Cloning - November 5th, 2011 [November 5th, 2011]
- It Takes Nerve: UC Irvine - Sue - November 6th, 2011 [November 6th, 2011]
- Embryonic Stem Cell Research - Video - November 9th, 2011 [November 9th, 2011]
- Adult Stem Cell Research Far Ahead of Embryonic - Video - November 10th, 2011 [November 10th, 2011]
- Is stem cell research a growing concern .flv - Video - November 10th, 2011 [November 10th, 2011]
- Forbes Discusses Stem Cell Research - Video - November 14th, 2011 [November 14th, 2011]
- Stem Cell Research Presentation - Video - November 16th, 2011 [November 16th, 2011]
- Benedict XVI: No embryonic stem cell research - Video - November 28th, 2011 [November 28th, 2011]
- Batten Disease: Spotlight on Stem Cell Research - A Father's Story - Video - November 30th, 2011 [November 30th, 2011]
- CIS 111 Digital Media Project - Stem Cell Research - Video - December 13th, 2011 [December 13th, 2011]
- Regenerative Medicine and Applications of Stem Cell Research - Video - December 20th, 2011 [December 20th, 2011]
- Stem Cell Research Today: Larry Goldstein - CIRM Science Writer's Seminar - Video - December 22nd, 2011 [December 22nd, 2011]
- CIRM Bridges Award: Building California's Stem Cell Research Workforce - Video - December 22nd, 2011 [December 22nd, 2011]