future perspectives of stem cell research

Is 3D printing of stem cells possible in the near future?

It would be a good prospect. You order a new organ from a hospital and receive a message that the organ is ready to transplant within 2-4 working days. They fill the printer with undifferentiated stem cells and press the button and print out a fully functioning organ and you're done. However beautiful this image is, unfortunately, this is not yet feasible. Actually, for a very simple reason, we are not yet able to recreate the complex structures of an entire organ. On the other hand, it would be possible to make a layer of, for example, intestinal epithelium, liver, bladder or heart cells. It is not yet possible to print out an entire organ, but science is getting closer to the mystery every day. According to (Liliana Polo-Corrales Magda Latorre-Esteves, 2014) we are closer to a breakthrough than ever, they expect to be exposed within 10-15 years if the right technologies/innovations for cell characterization and deformation/reprogramming for public or company for can distribute it to hospitals or specialized clinics. It will start with the less complex organs. However, a lot of research will first have to be done on the recreation of the less complex and complex organs. To make sure that the artificial organs are not repelled by a human body Now on to the purpose of this report, is it possible to print, for example, a fully functioning spine or bones? Because a bone is a fairly simple construction, you might think. And the answer is yes you could print a bone if the bone is in one place without too many nerve cells. A spine might also work but the problem is the nerve centre in your spine, science simply does not know enough about the functioning and structure of the nervous system in your spine to mimic it at a full spine. However, a kind of electronic exoskeleton can be made that can simulate the nervous system if it were. To do this over your entire back, a fairly large backpack with a computer and battery is required. (NEMO, Paralyzed Arms Move, 2008). Theoretically, it would be possible to print bones, skull or backs, the problem mainly arises in the parts of the nervous system, this can also be solved by an electronic exoskeleton, but such a skeleton for the entire spine very expensive to make and above all fairly heavy to carry with you constantly. What your new spine may degrade again.

Can you take a drug that activates the body's own response from stem cells to bone regeneration?

To conclude this report a perhaps thoughtful experiment that could lead the future of medicine to a new chapter. To put it straight away, there is currently no biological or chemical drug that activates the body's own response to bone regeneration through stem cells. You can, for example, use a growth factor such as BMP-2 (Bone morphogenetic protein 2). This protein causes explosive bone formation, unfortunately, this has many side effects and it is on the fairly pricey side. And it is not so much a medicine, it must be administered locally so not via a pill/tablet. (Beucken, 2017) However, it would be a good prospect. For example, you take a pill with modified enzymes with specifications that target specific stem cells in the body, activating them and replacing those new cells with old decayed cells. If son technology is ever invented, it will be a huge step in medicine. Perhaps such a technique is an answer to immortality or at least a technique to make life a lot more favourable. It could, for example, alleviate heart, kidney, liver or lung complaints because the older cells can be renewed in a reasonably simple and possibly quick way, and thus reduce complaints quickly. Unfortunately, son technology also has snags. The human body has some vital organs but determines the number of these stem cells/repair cells. So it could be that by taking such a drug the number of these runs out immediately. And since the body has only made a certain number of these cells. If the stock runs out immediately, it would only be a one-time cure. When it runs out you would need another stem cell donation from other sources. But suppose such medicine can transform the cell that no longer works properly into a working cell again by stem cell reprogramming, then you have an infinite amount of well-functioning cells. However, for such a technique you would probably have to use medication for life so that the body remains in a constant state of renewal. And does not fall back into the "normal" process. According to. This is based on the process discovered by developmental biologist Shinya Yamanaka (Lalieu, 2014) in 2006 who discovered that you can turn ordinary skin cells into stem cells, so why not turn them back into renewed skin cells.

Conclusion The future for regeneration techniques looks very progressive, with new research and innovations we can achieve more and more in the field of stem cell technology. We can already do a lot in this area. Research is still needed to remove all small problems from the process. There is also still work to be done to use the processes for human possibilities. When asked what the future of medicine is for bone regeneration, the following can be said, although MSC populations are promising for bone-forming potential, the clinical application is not optimal. Currently, MSC's native identity is nestled in mystery and remains a controversial topic with several studies. isolation of MSC can be done using different techniques (for example, selection by culture versus immunophenotype) or setting up MSC identity by different parameters. In addition, the perivascular/pericytic origin of MSC is becoming an increasingly accepted theory, but complete agreement on the origin, function and clinical potential of these cells is lacking. As well as the changes these cells undergo during isolation, culture and reintroduction to the host. In terms of safety, tumorigenesis and malignant transformation of MSC, a potential risk remains. On the other hand, ESC and iPSC, while capable of bone formation, have the potential for teratoma formation. Finally, in terms of effectiveness, the question remains whether different MSC depots or subpopulations have more osteogenic function than others. Comparisons are given in MSC from donors of different ages and genders and from different anatomical locations and tissues with different cell surface markers for identification. Another unambiguous cell source (or gold standard) MSC-based bone tissue and regeneration not yet defined. Using a prospectively purified, non-culture population of stem cells. Like PVC, future studies may reduce the number of drawbacks to using long-term cultured MSC. Despite the great progress that has been made since the discovery and characterization of MSC. A number of key areas of MSC identity, safety and efficacy must be addressed before the clinical translation of MSC-based bone tissue becomes a reality and ready for human application. Bone 3D printing might be possible only the way they are put into the body and the nerves to be connected is quite difficult to replace a whole bone that you have printed. Whether you can take a drug in the form of a tablet that activates the body's own response of stem cells, the answer is unfortunately still no, there is still a lot of research to be done to understand the full potential of stem cells and to be able to program such a type of tablet. to manufacture.

Discussion

The result of this research is that there are many possibilities for stem cell technologies for the promotion of bone regenerative purposes. But there are also a few snags, getting some forms of stem cells is an ethical issue and another way has a low braking efficiency and thus a fairly time-consuming way to obtain them. The transformation of different types of stem cells, whether MSC, BMSC, ASC, PSC or ESC, into osteoblasts that can promote bone tissue has been the subject of much research and is still under investigation. Still has one major problem in some cases, there is still the formation of teratoma (tumours) to further use and apply the use of '' Stem cells '' in bone environment, further research is needed into what causes this tumour formation and how to prevent it. Also, in the case of PSC and IPSC, much research is still needed to increase the efficiency of the cells to be obtained. Furthermore, there is only limited research into the precise structure, structure and functioning of stem cells. If we knew better how exactly a stem cell works, they could potentially be used for applications that may never have been thought of before.

Obstacles to medicine At the moment there is a lot of research into the possibilities and applications of stem cells. One of the major obstacles to stem cell research in medicine today is the way of obtaining the stem cells. There is an ethnic contradiction in the use of embryonic stem cells. The so-called embryo law also opposes, which reads as follows: The Embryo law sets limits and conditions for the use of eggs, sperm and embryos for purposes other than one's own pregnancy. (CEG, sd). Restricting or blocking embryonic stem cells often prevents small research laboratories from conducting research on embryonic pluripotent stem cells. However, the Netherlands has long been an advocate of stem cell research and we are one of the leading countries in this field, but with restrictions. (Ver Bleek, 2012). A solution to this obstacle would be to relax legislation. It is not known whether this is the best way, because if you are going to relax it too much, there may be a laboratory and freelancer who may be doing research on stem cells that should not be done. But a relaxation with strict rules attached to it could promote research into stem cells.

Furthermore, much research is still needed into the full potential of stem cells, scientists believe that we are only at the top what the water is and that it may take years before we can finally dive, there is known what a stem cell is and what it can do but it is not yet known what a stem cell can achieve. In what sense there is a limit to the use of stem cells and whether it is good to implant stem cells that are not the person's own. (IPSC stem cell programming excluded) (Asatrian G, 2014).

On to obstacles to stem cell use in bone regeneration. Using stem cells for bone (tissue) repairs is almost one of the oldest applications since the discovery of stem cell changes. The biggest problem in this field has always been the way the stem cells can get to the bone, injections have always been used, which is not bad in itself but the problem is more that if there is damage to the bone/bone tissue it is quite difficult to determine where exactly because in order for stem cells (actually osteoblasts) to do their full work, they must be placed in the right place. And because it is so difficult to find a specific location of damage, the inserted osteoblasts do not work optimally. (Beucken, 2017) (Dimitriou, Jones, McGonagle, & Van Giannoudis, 2011). To solve this problem in the future. Much more research is needed into even more specific ways to detect damage up to if you want it to be absolutely perfect Nano level

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future perspectives of stem cell research