Disease-modifying therapies have shown beneficial effects in patients with relapsing MS, including reduced frequency and severity of clinical attacks. These agents appear to slow the progression of disability and the reduce accumulation of lesions within the brain and spinal cord. The disease-modifying agents for MS (DMAMS) currently approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) include the following: Interferon beta-1a (Avonex, Rebif) [6] Interferon beta-1b (Betaseron, Extavia) [7] Peginterferon beta-1a (Plegridy) [8] Glatiramer acetate (Copaxone) [9] Natalizumab (Tysabri) [10, 11] Fingolimod (Gilenya) [13] Teriflunomide (Aubagio) [14] Dimethyl fumarate (Tecfidera) [15, 16, 17, 18] Alemtuzumab (Lemtrada) [19, 20, 21] Daclizumab (Zinbryta) [22, 23] Fingolimod, teriflunomide, and dimethyl fumarate are administered orally; natalizumab and mitoxantrone are administered by intravenous infusion; interferon beta-1a (Avonex) is administered intramuscularly; and interferon beta-1a (Rebif), interferon beta-1b, and glatiramer acetate are administered by subcutaneous injection. Note that in January 2013, the FDA approved a single-use autoinjector (Rebidose, EMD Serono Inc./Pfizer Inc) for self-injection of interferon beta-1a (Rebif) in patients with relapsing forms of MS. [24] The ease of use, patient satisfaction and acceptability, and functional reliability of the Rebidose are supported by data from a 12-week open-label, single-group study in 109 patients. The autoinjector … Continue reading
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