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Cardiac Surgery Advanced life Support – Home

Posted: Published on August 2nd, 2018

In 2003 there was a cardiac arrest on a patient 4 hours post cardiac surgery. Over the following four hours his chest was re-opened three times and eventually the patient was re-grafted in his ICU bed on bypass. Many of the nursing and junior medical staff reported they felt disorganised and of little help to the situation and would have performed much better if they had a defined and well practised role. In response to this we created the Cardiac Surgery Advanced Life Support Course. We have devised a set of protocols that address the patient suffering a cardiac arrest and all common serious complications in ICU or on the ward. Our aim was to create a common language for all cardiothoracic practitioners. This protocol has grown and has been accepted as the European Association of Cardiothoracic Surgery's official protocol and has been accepted by the European Resuscitation Council.The Society of Thoracic Surgery also created an expert consensus statement which is published in the Annals of Thoracic surgery (Feb 2017) which sets these protocols as the standard of care in the USA. We hope this course will empower all practitioners to act with confidence to better treat our critically ill … Continue reading →

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CV Pharmacology | Welcome to Cardiovascular Pharmacology …

Posted: Published on July 31st, 2018

This site describes drugs that are used in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The content emphasizes the biophysical, biochemical, and cellular basis for drug therapy. My desire in publishing this web site is to provide the reader with a thorough understanding of not only general pharmacologic principles and mechanisms of action of cardiovascular drugs, but more importantly, with an understanding of the rationale for drug use. Cardiovascular Pharmacology Concepts is written primarily for students, teachers, and health professionals. The contents of this site can be entered by several different routes using the navigation bar on the left. Searches can be conducted on individual words or phrases, or by clicking on the links that organize the content by clinical disorders, drug therapeutic classes, and drug class mechanisms. This web site is a companion site to http://www.cvphysiology.com, which has been an important resource for cardiovascular physiology since it was first published on the web in 1999. Therefore, there are many cross links between http://www.cvpharmacology.com and http://www.cvphysiology.com that are useful in reinforcing both physiologic and pharmacologic concepts. Richard E. Klabunde, Ph.D.Professor of PhysiologyMarian University College of Osteopathic MedicineIndianapolis, Indiana Go here to see the original: CV Pharmacology | Welcome to Cardiovascular Pharmacology ... … Continue reading →

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CV Physiology | Ventricular and Atrial Hypertrophy and …

Posted: Published on July 31st, 2018

Ventricular and Atrial Hypertrophy Ventricular hypertrophy is an increase in the size and mass of the involved ventricle. This can be a normal response to cardiovascular conditioning as occurs in athletes and enables the heart to pump more effectively. This type of hypertrophy is physiological, not abnormal, and is reversible. In contrast, other forms of hypertrophy are caused by the ventricle adapting to increased stress, such as chronically increased volume load (preload) or increased pressure load (afterload). This hypertrophy is an adaptation to the stress; however, prolonged stress-induced hypertrophy can lead the ventricular failure. Hypertrophy can also result from disease of the heart (valve disease, cardiomyopathies), genetic abnormalities (e.g., hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), and as a consequence of coronary artery disease. In the case of chronic pressure overload as occurs with chronic hypertension or aortic valve stenosis, the ventricular chamber radius may not change; however, the wall thickness greatly increases as new sarcomeres are added in-parallel to existing sarcomeres. This is termed concentric hypertrophy. This type of ventricle is capable of generating greater forces and higher pressures, while the increased wall thickness maintains normal wall stress. This type of ventricle becomes "stiff" (i.e., compliance is reduced), which can impair filling and lead … Continue reading →

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Ulcerative Colitis Information Centre

Posted: Published on July 31st, 2018

What is Ulcerative Colitis Ulcerative colitis is a disease that affects around 120,000 people in the UK and causes inflammation of the large intestine - or colon. Symptoms vary in severity from pain and discomfort, through mucous in the stools to in the most severe cases blood in the stools see the Colitis Symptoms page for more information. It is generally diagnosed by inspection of the colon by a hospital consultant - a colonoscopy. The underlying cause of ulcerative colitis is still not known - though the disease is associated with dysfunction of the immune system. In the disease the body's own T-cells attack the lining of the bowel - and hence cause it to be inflamed. The body's immune system then takes this inflammation to be a further sign of infection - increasing the immune response - in a vicious cycle. This situation is what people would term a flare-up. Ulcerative colitis is treated using a variety of medications designed to either directly reduce the inflammation - such as steroids - or to reduce the immune response such a immunomodulators. More: Ulcerative Colitis Information Centre … Continue reading →

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Nursing Care Plans for Decreased Cardiac output

Posted: Published on July 31st, 2018

Nursing Diagnosis: Decreased Cardiac outputNursing Care Plans forDecreased Cardiac outputNANDA Definition: Inadequate blood pumped by the heart to meet metabolic demands of the body Defining Characteristics: Altered heart rate/rhythm: arrhythmias (tachycardia, bradycardia); palpitations; EKG changes; altered preload: jugular vein distention; fatigue; edema; murmurs; increased/decreased central venous pressure (CVP); increased/decreased pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP); weight gain; altered afterload: cold/clammy skin; shortness of breath/dyspnea; oliguria; prolonged capillary refill; decreased peripheral pulses; variations in blood pressure readings; increased/decreased systemic vascular resistance (SVR); increased/decreased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR); skin color changes; altered contractility: crackles; cough; orthopnea/paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; cardiac outputless than4 L/min; cardiac indexless than2.5 L/min; decreased ejection fraction, stroke volume index (SVI), left ventricular stroke work index (LVSWI); S3 or S4 sounds; behavioral/emotional: anxiety; restlessness Related Factors: Myocardial infarction or ischemia, valvular disease, cardiomyopathy, serious dysrhythmia, ventricular damage, altered preload or afterload, pericarditis, sepsis, congenital heart defects, vagal stimulation, stress, anaphylaxis, cardiac tamponade NOC Outcomes (Nursing Outcomes Classification)Suggested NOC Labels Cardiac Pump Effectiveness Circulatory Status Tissue Perfusion: Abdominal Organs Tissue Perfusion: Peripheral Vital Signs Status Client Outcomes Nursing Interventions and Rationales More: Nursing Care Plans for Decreased Cardiac output … Continue reading →

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Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation – BrainAndSpinalCord.org …

Posted: Published on July 30th, 2018

The Acute Phase During the acute phase, it is very important that the person receive prompt medical care. The faster the person accesses treatment, the better his or her chances are at having the least amount of impairment possible. In most cases, like in the all too common suv rollover, the injured person will be sent to the closest hospital or center equipped to deal with spinal cord injuries. The first few days of the acute stage are accompanied by spinal shock, in which the persons reflexes dont work. During this stage, its very difficult to determine an exact prognosis, as some function beyond what is currently being seen may occur later. At this stage other complications from the accident or injury will also be present, such as brain injury, broken bones, or bruising. Once the acute phase is over and the person has been stabilized, he or she enters the rehabilitation stage of treatment. Treatment during this phase has the goal of returning as much function as possible to the person. Because all spinal cord injuries are different, a unique plan designed to help the person function and succeed in everyday life is designed. The plan often includes: In … Continue reading →

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Lateral hypothalamus – Wikipedia

Posted: Published on July 30th, 2018

The lateral hypothalamus, also called the lateral hypothalamic area,[1] contains the primary orexinergic nucleus within the hypothalamus that widely projects throughout the nervous system;[2] this system of neurons mediates an array of cognitive and physical processes, such as promoting feeding behavior and arousal, reducing pain perception, and regulating body temperature, digestive functions, and blood pressure, among many others.[2][3][4] Clinically significant disorders that involve dysfunctions of the orexinergic projection system include narcolepsy, motility disorders or functional gastrointestinal disorders involving visceral hypersensitivity (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome),[3][5] and eating disorders.[6] The neurotransmitter glutamate and the endocannabinoids (e.g., anandamide) and the orexin neuropeptides orexin-A and orexin-B are the primary signaling neurochemicals in orexin neurons;[3][4][7] pathway-specific neurochemicals include GABA, melanin-concentrating hormone, nociceptin, glucose, the dynorphin peptides, and the appetite-regulating peptide hormones leptin and ghrelin, among others.[3][8] Notably, cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is colocalized on orexinergic projection neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and many output structures,[4][7] where the CB1 and orexin receptor 1 (OX1) receptors form the CB1OX1 receptor heterodimer.[4][9][10] The orexinergic projections from the lateral hypothalamus innervate the entirety of the remainder of the hypothalamus, with robust projections to the posterior hypothalamus, tuberomammillary nucleus (the histamine projection nucleus), the arcuate nucleus, and the paraventricular hypothalamic … Continue reading →

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Pediatric Cardiologist: Job Description & Career Requirements

Posted: Published on July 30th, 2018

A pediatric cardiologist specializes in treating congenital or acquired heart conditions or disease in children and infants, including diagnosing and treating infants who are still in the womb. Pediatric cardiologists may be required to work long hours and be on call much of the time. Pediatric cardiologists primarily work in hospitals and universities, but may also work in clinics or their own private practice. Source: *Salary.com, **U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics After receiving a bachelor's or master's degree in a science-related field, the aspiring pediatric cardiologist must pass the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT) to be accepted into medical school. Medical school typically takes four years; graduates then complete a 2- or 3-year residency, followed by a 2- or 3-year fellowship in pediatric cardiology. Each state has different licensing requirements for physicians in general; an examination is also required to practice as a board-certified pediatric cardiologist. For a successful career in pediatric cardiology, one must sincerely care for children and have the ability to communicate well with them and their families. Physical and intellectual stamina is also necessary to complete the training requirements and cope with long work hours. A pediatric cardiologist is typically only one member of a child's … Continue reading →

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Cardio 2018 | Cardiology Conferences | Cardiac Nursing …

Posted: Published on July 30th, 2018

About Cardio 2018 Highlights of Cardio 2018 Conference Series LLC Ltd is esteemed to invite you to join the26th International Conference & Exhibition on Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicinewhich will be held from November 12-13, 2018 Sydney, Australia which includes prompt Keynote Presentations, Oral Talks, Poster Presentations AndExhibitions. Summary:Cardio2018(Conference) Is To Meet Top & Best Cardiologists, Doctors,CardiologyExperts, Cardiac Surgeons, Vascular Medicine Specialists, Physicians, Health Care Professionals AtCardiology, Atherosclerosis, ClinicalCardiologyArrhythmia, Cardiac Surgery,Echocardiography, Cardiovascular Medicine, Arrhythmia, Cardiac Surgery Conferences, Events, Annual Meetings , Program From Clinics, Hospitals From Asia, Americas, Europe, USA, Middle East.Cardio 2018has been designed in an interdisciplinary manner with a multitude of tracks to choose from every segment and provides you with a unique opportunity to meet up with peers from bothindustryandacademiaand establish a scientific network between them. We cordially invite all concerned people to come join us at our event and make it successful by your participation. A comprehensive range of topics will be discussed in the event including maternalClinical Cardiology, Cardiac Pharmacology, Cardiac Regeneration & Remodeling, Heart Stroke,Cardio Metabolic Health,Cardio-Oncology, Cardiovascular Epidemiology,Cardiovascular Nursing, Cardiovascular Radiology And Intervention, Cardiac Imaging & Anesthesia, Critical Care Cardiology,Heart FailureAndCardiomyopathies, Pediatric Cardiology,Cardiac Arrhythmia, Cardiac Diseases, Cardiac Surgery. It is our ideology to bring … Continue reading →

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Eczema – kidshealth.org

Posted: Published on July 30th, 2018

Most kids get itchy rashes at one time or another. But eczema can be a nuisance that may prompt scratching that makes the problem worse. The term eczema refers to a number of different skin conditions in which the skin is red and irritated and sometimes hassmall, fluid-filled bumps that become moist and ooze. The most common cause of eczema is atopic dermatitis (sometimes called infantile eczema), which affects older kids as well asinfants. The word "atopic" describes conditions that happen when someone is overly sensitive to allergens in the environment. These include pollens, molds, dust, animal dander, and certain foods. "Dermatitis" means that the skin is inflamed, or red and sore. Kids who get eczema often have family members with hay fever, asthma, or other allergies. Some experts think these kids may be genetically inclined to get eczema, which means characteristics have been passed on from parents through genes that make a child more likely to get it. About half of the kids who get eczema will also someday develop hay fever or asthma themselves. Eczema is not an allergy itself, but allergies can trigger it. Some environmental factors (such as excessive heat or emotional stress) also can trigger … Continue reading →

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