Drugs that Affect the Cardiovascular System The heart is made up of many interconnected branching fibers that form the walls of the 2 atria and 2 ventricles. Some of these fibers are capable of, and responsible for, conducting electrical impulses while other fibers are mainly responsible for muscle contraction. These specialized fibers are nourished through a vast network of blood vessels known as the coronary vasculature. Medications that affect these fibers are classified by their specific effect on the tissue. Cardiac glycosides are naturally occurring plant substances that have characteristic effects on the cardiac muscle. These specific compounds contain a carbohydrate molecule (sugar). When this molecule is combined with water, it is converted into a simple sugar plus 1 or more active substances. Glycosides may actually work by blocking certain ionic pumps in the cellular membrane. This action, indirectly increases the calcium concentration reaching the contractile proteins. A key cardiac glycoside is digoxin (Lanoxin); it is used to treat heart failure and to treat certain types of tachycardias. Digitalis glycosides can affect the heart in 3 distinctive ways: Many patients that take cardiac glycoside medication may develop side effects at one time or another due to the relatively small therapeutic … Continue reading
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