The different types of muscular dystrophy affect different sets of muscles and cause different degrees of muscle weakness. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is the most common and the most severe form of MD. It affects about 1 out of every 3,500 boys. (Girls can carry the gene that causes the disease, but they usually have no symptoms.) This form occurs because of a problem with the gene that makes dystrophin. Without this protein, the muscles break down and a child becomes weaker. Children with Duchenne MD usually begin to have problems around age 5, as the pelvic muscles begin to weaken. Most kids with this form need to use a wheelchair by age 12. Over time, their muscles weaken in the shoulders, back, arms, and legs. Eventually, the respiratory (breathing) muscles and heart muscle also may weaken in the teenage years, requiring further treatments. Although most kids with Duchenne MD have average intelligence, about a third experience learning disabilities and a small number are intellectually disabled. Advances in medical care are helping kids with Duchenne to live longer and healthier lives. While the incidence of Duchenne is known, it's unclear how common other forms of MD are because the symptoms can … Continue reading
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