Zoran Brkanac Associate professor, University of Washington Associate professor, University of Washington Most research into the genetic basis of autism focuses on the DNA nestled inside a cells nucleus. Scientists unravel the DNA and study the genes that code for proteins, with the goal of identifying the molecular pathways involved. They then aim to develop treatments that target these pathways. So far, studies have implicated hundreds of nuclear genes in autism, with about 100 genes emerging as strong candidates1,2. But the nucleus may not be the only source of genes involved in autism. DNA also exists inside cellular compartments, or organelles, called mitochondria. These organelles are the powerhouses of cells. They generate a molecule called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which serves as the main source of cellular energy. Each mitochondrion contains thousands of copies of a circular genome that codes for 13 of the 96 proteins needed to build the mitochondrias core ATP machinery. Unlike nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited only from the mother. This year, my colleagues and I published results suggesting that variants of mitochondrial genes contribute to autism in some cases, by teaming up with genes in the nucleus. Over the past decade, several lines of … Continue reading
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