Justin H. Turner, M.D., Ph.D. Devyani Lal, MD Jayakar V. Nayak, MD, PhD anatomy The nose is the organ of smell, and serves in breathing and airway function. The nasal cavity lies between the base of the brain (skull base) and above the oral cavity and palate below. The nasal cavity is surrounded by paired, air-filled chambers on each side, and these lie towards the sides and above the nose (the paranasal sinuses). These paired sinuses are the maxillary (lying in the cheek bones), frontal (lying between the eyebrows), ethmoid (between the eyes) and the sphenoid sinuses (between the center of the skull base and the nose). The paranasal sinuses drain into the nose, and their detailed anatomy is discussed in another Patient Education section. Smell is perceived through part of the roof of the nasal cavity (olfactory cleft) that is just next to the part of the brain responsible for smell (olfactory bulb and fossa). This bony partition in this area (cribriform bone) is pierced by numerous nerves (Olfactory nerves) on each side. These nerves supply the top parts pf the nasal septum, middle and inferior turbinates and carry smell sensations to the brain. In the nasal cavity, physical … Continue reading →

The knee is a complex joint that flexes, extends, and twists slightly from side to side. The knee is the meeting point of the femur (thigh bone) in the upper leg and the tibia (shinbone) in the lower leg. The fibula (calf bone), the other bone in the lower leg, is connected to the joint but is not directly affected by the hinge joint action. Another bone, the patella (kneecap), is at the center of the knee. Two concave pads of cartilage (strong, flexible tissue) called menisci minimize the friction created at the meeting of the ends of the tibia and femur. There are also several key ligaments, a type of fibrous connective tissue, that connect these bones. The four key ligaments of the knee are: Damage to the ACL, such as a tear, is a common knee injury among athletes. Severe injuries to this important ligament typically involve reconstructive surgery Another common sporting injury is pulling or straining the hamstring tendons, two groups of string-like connective tissues at the back of the knee and thigh that connect some of the major muscles of the knee. A dislocated kneecap is yet another common knee condition. The kneecap slides along a … Continue reading →

SPRING: in-progress SUMMER: June 23, 2017 REGISTER HERE AUTUMN: October 13, 2017 This course has been taught to artists from around the world including artists from leading animation, game, and visual effects studios Industrial Light & Magic, Blizzard, Pixar, Ubisoft, LucasArts, Disney, Warner Bros, Sony, Rhythm & Hues, Valve and many others. It has also helped build a solid anatomical foundation for students from art schools and academies including the the Florence Academy of Art, the School of Visual Arts (SVA), the Savannah College of Art and Design, Rhode Island School of Design (RISD), and the Art Students League of New York. Ive been collecting anatomy books, DVDs and reference photos for over seven years. Scotts course is by far the best resource I have encountered during these years, it is the best of the best. If you are serious about your anatomy knowledge you owe it to yourself to attend. Peter Levius Artist and founder of 3d.sk The weekly lectures are broken down into the following topics. Click on the topic for a summary of the weeks lesson. Each week students get access to self-paced video lectures covering the regions of the body outlined above (2-2.5 hours of lecture … Continue reading →

These days, it's pretty much routine for women in their second trimester to be scheduled for a level 2 ultrasound, commonly called the 20-week anatomy scan. That's because practitioners have found that this special pregnancy ultrasound is a great way to see how a baby is developing and offer reassurance that everything is going exactly the way it should be. It's fascinating to get a sneak peek of your baby and fun to take home a souvenir photo to start the baby album. Noninvasive Prenatal Testing (NIPT) Biophysical Profile Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) Glucose Screening and Glucose Tolerance Test Group B Strep Testing During Pregnancy Virtually all practitioners order an ultrasound anatomy scan for all their moms-to-be. Even if you had a first-trimester (level 1) sonogram to confirm or date your pregnancy, or as part of a first-trimester screening test, the more detailed level 2 sonogram is important because of all the additional valuable information it gives your practitioner about what's going on with your baby. Most anatomy scans are performed in the second trimester of pregnancy, typically at 20 weeks but they can be done anytime between 18 weeks and 22 weeks. If you have a condition that needs … Continue reading →

CINCINNATI Carlos Gonzalez sat at his locker, flashing his bright CarGo smile. It seemed a bit out of place considering the topic at hand: a hitting slump that began with a 2-for-17 start and remained in place deep into May. Gonzalez, however, refuses to dwell on his ugly numbers. When you are going bad, its easy to get negative, but I just dont let myself go there, the three-time all-star right fielder said. You have to remind yourself that you can do damage at any time. And every time you come to the plate, you have to think, Im one step closer to getting hot. But when the Rockies arrived at Great American Ball Park Friday for a weekend series against the Reds, Gonzalez wasnt even lukewarm. He was hitting .210 with a .279 on-base percentage and just two home runs in 138 at-bats. Though hes hit mostly from the third or fourth spot until getting dropped to fifth in recent games, he had just 11 RBIs to show for it. Thats what happens when you hit .182 with runners in scoring position. But the Rockies, ever mindful of Gonzalezs ability to break out at any moment, are keeping the … Continue reading →