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Directed evolution in synthetic biology: an interview with Professor Frances Arnold – PLoS Blogs (blog)

Posted: Published on April 19th, 2017

At the beginning of my scientific career, I was captivated by the ability of organic chemists to synthesize molecules. I soon realised, however, that the effort involved was often incredible, especially when you wanted to have control over the stereochemistry of complex molecules. Luckily for me, I also learned that there was another way to make these molecules, using Natures machinery. Nature has been synthesizing molecules and materials for billions of years, and Darwinian evolution has produced an immense array of beautiful biocatalysts (enzymes) that can assemble breathtaking structures. Scientists working in the fields of biocatalysis and synthetic biology exploit the power of these natural catalysts to find greener and easier routes for chemical synthesis. The problem is that, even though Nature has gifted us with many biocatalysts, they are not always suitable for exactly what we would like them to do. Hence, the importance of being able to engineer them, evolve their functions to match what we need. If today we are able to easily engineer enzymes in the laboratory, we owe this in large part to the work of Professor Frances Arnold: the mother of directed evolution. Prof. Arnold is an engineer and a biochemist, and a Dickinson … Continue reading →

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How to Color a Lizard: From Biology to Mathematics – Newswise (press release)

Posted: Published on April 19th, 2017

From the clown fish to leopards, skin colour patterns in animals arise from microscopic interactions among coloured cells that obey equations discovered by the mathematician Alan Turing. Today, researchers at the University of Geneva (UNIGE), Switzerland, and SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics report in the journal Nature that a southwestern European lizard slowly acquires its intricate adult skin colour by changing the colour of individual skin scales using an esoteric computational system invented in 1948 by another mathematician: John von Neumann. The Swiss team shows that the 3D geometry of the lizards skin scales causes the Turing mechanism to transform into the von Neumann computing system, allowing biology-driven research to link, for the first time, the work of these two mathematical giants. Newswise A multidisciplinary team of biologists, physicists and computer scientists lead by Michel Milinkovitch, professor at the Department of Genetics and Evolution of the UNIGE Faculty of Science, Switzerland and Group Leader at the SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, realised that the brown juvenile ocellated lizard (Timon lepidus) gradually transforms its skin colour as it ages to reach an intricate adult labyrinthine pattern where each scale is either green or black. This observation is at odd with the … Continue reading →

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Early School Starts Pit Teens in Conflict Between Society, Biology … – Sleep Review

Posted: Published on April 19th, 2017

The idea of sleep is supposed to evoke feelings of peace, relaxation, and refreshment, but when expert Mary Carskadon talks about teen sleep in school districts with early start times, she uses far less comfortable words. Social policy clashes with what we see from the biology, says Carskadon, a professor of psychiatry and human behavior at the Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, in a release. For teens, when they have not gotten enough sleep and they have to get up too early, they are crushed in the morning. Over decades of study, Carskadon has shown that two systems that regulate sleep, circadian rhythms and sleep pressure, both change as children grow up. While they still need the same amount of sleep throughout childhoodideally 9 to 10 hoursolder kids naturally become inclined to go to sleep later (as their circadian rhythms skew later). That means they become biologically predisposed to sleep later, too, to fully relieve that sleep pressureor biological need to sleep. Yet society frequently requires that they wake early. They are incredibly sleepy from the sleep pressure, but also they have to be at school at a time when their circadian system wants them to be asleep, … Continue reading →

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From Anatomy to 3D Printing: Art Inspires Life – American Council on Science and Health

Posted: Published on April 19th, 2017

Oscar Wilde believed Life imitates art far more than art imitates life. Upon viewing the accompanying video animation of the anatomical relationships of Pectoralis Major and Minor created by Dr. Raf Ratinam, I became truly inspired. Inspired to write an article, even two. Inspired by the mastery of the complexity of the human formand, an artists understanding of it. Inspired to explore the possibilities of the endless meaningful and powerful ways to impact my chosen field of medicine. Ways that involve navigating traditional and outside-of-the-box realms. All carrying the potential to change the world. So, I will let you be the judge of whether life influenced art or art influenced life. Isnt that the purpose of such endeavors anyway? To question. To propel. To push the envelope and advance thought. To spark innovation. Anatomy is complex. Its intricate labyrinth is the source of our capacity to grasp and turn a door knob. Walk down the street. Carry on conversation. Compete in escalating physical and intellectual endeavors. Each well-positioned nerve, vessel and organ permits our ability to function and thrive. Comprehension of 3D planes and a firm grasp of spatial relations is requisite to depicting it let alone performing advanced surgeries. … Continue reading →

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Anatomy of a winning streak: How the Yankees have become MLB's hottest team – CBSSports.com

Posted: Published on April 19th, 2017

The New York Yankees are the hottest team in baseball. Monday night they beat the Chicago White Sox (NYY 7, CWS 4) for their eighth consecutive win, which is the longest winning streak by any team in baseball this season -- no other club has won more than five games in a row -- and New York's longest winning streak since a 10-gamer in June 2012. Thanks to this winning streak, the Yankees currently boast a plus-23 run differential, the best in baseball. They rank second among all teams in runs scored per game (5.15) and fourth in runs allowed per game (3.38), so they're playing well in both phases. This eight-game winning streak has had a real impact on their postseason chances. From FanGraphs: Coming into the season the Yankees had a 15.9 percent chance to make the postseason, according to the projections and depth charts at FanGraphs. Two weeks in, they are up to 39.9 percent, fourth highest in the American League. Improving your odds 24 percentage points in two weeks is pretty great. No, the Yankees won't keep winning forever, but these eight wins are in the bank. They can't be taken away. What, exactly, has propelled … Continue reading →

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Grey's Anatomy: Every Reason We Have to Believe Cristina Will Return – POPSUGAR

Posted: Published on April 19th, 2017

How has Grey's Anatomy managed to survive without badass cardiothoracic surgeon Dr. Cristina Yang for the last three seasons? Well, the popular medical drama has devoted quite some time to exploring Meredith's often precarious yet devoted sisterly bonds to Maggie and Amelia. As much as we love this new dynamic, there's no one quite like Mer's unapologetic soul sister or "person," as Mer puts it. From the pilot episode to Cristina's departure in season 10, Meredith and Cristina grow together, rising through the ranks from clueless interns to fearless attendings as they support each other through the worst of times. And we really do mean the worst of times: shootings, plane crashes, you name it. Last Summer, Sandra Oh, the talented actress behind Cristina, sparked some hope in Grey's fans. She tweeted a picture with her Grey's Anatomy ex-husband Kevin McKidd, who plays trauma surgeon Dr. Owen Hunt, and former Grey's Anatomy screenwriter Tony Phelan. Was it a merely a benign gathering of old chums, or were they discussing some Grey's business? It's most likely the former, but no one ever really knows when it comes to Shondaland. After all, the show has featured cameos from past main cast actors, … Continue reading →

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How 'Grey's Anatomy' Brings Dream Weddings to the Small Screen (PHOTOS) – Wetpaint

Posted: Published on April 19th, 2017

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The unmistakable anatomy of a President Trump flip-flop – Washington Post

Posted: Published on April 19th, 2017

President Trump took to Fox News onTuesday morning to defend his flip-flop on labeling China a currency manipulator. And what we got was a perfect little illustration of a president who believes his campaign-trail promises mean basically nothing. Here's the exchange with Fox and Friends host Ainsley Earhardt: TRUMP: Somebody said Currency manipulation. What am I going to do? In the middle of him talking with North Korea, Im going to hit them with currency manipulation? This is the fake media that just does a number. Think of it: Hes working so nicely, many coal ships have been sent back, fuel has been sent back, theyre not dealing the same way. Nobodys ever seen it like that. Nobodys ever seen such a positive response on our behalf from China, and then the fake media goes, Donald Trump has changed his stance on China. I havent changed my stance. Chinas trying to help us. I don't know if they are going to be able to or not, but do I want to start heavy, heavy trade or currency manipulation statements against someone who's out there trying to stop what could be a very bad situation? You understand that. EARHARDT:I understand that. … Continue reading →

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Cerebral Palsy can’t stop me from surfing – News24

Posted: Published on April 18th, 2017

Ashtan Davids loved to watch his brother surf. Looking on from the shore, he longed to join in the water. But Davids has Cerebral Palsy. Restricted muscle movement and coordination prevented him from accessing the surf safely. And even though Davids brother could take him out in the shallows, his chances of ever catching waves on his own were slim. Until someone flipped the situation on its head by positioning the board as the barrier, not Davids condition. Inspired by Davids determination to become a surfer, Projects Abroad Surfing (PAS) offered their support to help him realise his dream. The first step was to have a custom board made. Davids ride is cut to his body shape. Its kitted out with four handles and fins to give him maximum control. Putting in the hard graft on his side, he undergoes physiotherapy and muscle memory training to ensure that his body is up for the task. Thanks to the support of PAS and his family, who have always challenged him to grow, Davids has not only been able to surf, but become a competitive adaptive surfer a phenomenal victory of spirit over body. He competes in the Assisted Surfing category, meaning … Continue reading →

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Dad’s Facebook Appeal To Find Feeding Tube For Daughter With Cerebral Palsy Is Huge Success – Huffington Post UK

Posted: Published on April 18th, 2017

A dad who appealed on Facebook for a specific sized feeding tube for his daughter who has cerebral palsy, was overwhelmed by the response. Dan Grace, from Newcastle, urged others to share his Facebook post to find his seven-year-old daughter a tube to help her eat. She had fallen ill due to the tube in her stomach being the wrong size. However, the device she needed (Viagon 2cm x 30cm G) had a supply issue and was difficult to source. Weve seen enough of Mollys discomfort now (years worth) and as Mollys parents and her voice, we arent prepared to sit back and watch this happen any longer, Grace wrote on Facebook on Thursday 13 April. Grace continued: We are asking that this appeal be liked, shared (on your Facebook pages, friends Facebook pages, special needs Facebook pages, hospital Facebook pages and anywhere else) and comment (your location) to try and help us get one of these Viagon 2cm x 30cm G Jet devices urgently. The post was widely shared within hours, including within private and internal hospital Facebook pages. Sarah-Jane Cameron, founder of medical transport charity Scottish Emergency Rider Volunteer Service (ScotsERVS) saw the post on Facebook and informed … Continue reading →

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