For the nail on a bird's beak, see Beak#Nail. "Toenail" redirects here. For the construction technique, see Toenailing. A nail is a horn-like envelope covering the tips of the fingers and toes in humans, most non-human primates, and a few other mammals. Nails are similar to claws in other animals. Fingernails and toenails are made of a tough protective protein called keratin. This protein is also found in the hooves and horns of different animals. The mammalian nail, claw, and hoof are all examples of unguis [plural ungues]. The nail also reaches a temperature of 90 degrees F.[1] (See image 4 of the scorpion.) The nail consists of the nail plate, the nail matrix and the nail bed below it, and the grooves surrounding it.[2] The matrix, sometimes called[3] the matrix unguis, keratogenous membrane, nail matrix, or onychostroma, is the tissue (or germinal matrix) which the nail protects.[4] It is the part of the nail bed that is beneath the nail and contains nerves, lymph and blood vessels.[5] The matrix is responsible for producing cells that become the nail plate. The width and thickness of the nail plate is determined by the size, length, and thickness of the matrix, while … Continue reading
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