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Stanford researchers isolate stem cell that gives rise to bones, cartilage in mice

Posted: Published on January 16th, 2015

Researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered the stem cell in mice that gives rise to bone, cartilage and a key part of bone marrow called the stroma. In addition, the researchers have charted the chemical signals that can create skeletal stem cells and steer their development into each of these specific tissues. The discovery sets the stage for a wide range of potential therapies for skeletal disorders such as bone fractures, brittle bones, osteosarcoma or damaged cartilage. A paper describing the findings will be published Jan. 15 in Cell. "Millions of times a year, orthopedic surgeons see torn cartilage in a joint and have to take it out because cartilage doesn't heal well, but that lack of cartilage predisposes the patient to arthritis down the road," said Michael Longaker, MD, a professor of plastic and reconstructive surgery at Stanford and a senior author of the paper. "This research raises the possibility that we can create new skeletal stem cells from patients' own tissues and use them to grow new cartilage." Longaker is also co-director of the Stanford Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. An intensive search The researchers started by focusing on groups of … Continue reading

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Team isolates stem cell that gives rise to bones, cartilage in mice

Posted: Published on January 16th, 2015

Jan 15, 2015 Hematopoietic precursor cells: promyelocyte in the center, two metamyelocytes next to it and band cells from a bone marrow aspirate. Credit: Bobjgalindo/Wikipedia Researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have discovered the stem cell in mice that gives rise to bone, cartilage and a key part of bone marrow called the stroma. In addition, the researchers have charted the chemical signals that can create skeletal stem cells and steer their development into each of these specific tissues. The discovery sets the stage for a wide range of potential therapies for skeletal disorders such as bone fractures, brittle bones, osteosarcoma or damaged cartilage. A paper describing the findings will be published Jan. 15 in Cell. "Millions of times a year, orthopedic surgeons see torn cartilage in a joint and have to take it out because cartilage doesn't heal well, but that lack of cartilage predisposes the patient to arthritis down the road," said Michael Longaker, MD, a professor of plastic and reconstructive surgery at Stanford and a senior author of the paper. "This research raises the possibility that we can create new skeletal stem cells from patients' own tissues and use them to grow new cartilage." Longaker … Continue reading

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Rare mutations do not explain ‘missing heritability’ in asthma

Posted: Published on January 16th, 2015

Largest study to date of rare genetic variants and asthma risk finds few associations Despite a strong suspected link between genetics and asthma, commonly found genetic mutations account for only a small part of the risk for developing the disease - a problem known as missing heritability. Rare and low frequency genetic mutations have been thought to explain missing heritability, but it appears they are unlikely to play a major role, according to a new study led by scientists from the University of Chicago. Analyzing the coding regions of genomes of more than 11,000 individuals, they identified mutations in just three genes that were associated with asthma risk. Each was associated with risk in specific ethnicities. Their findings, published in Nature Communications on Jan. 16, suggest gaps in the current understanding of asthma genetics. "Previous studies have likely overestimated the heritability of asthma," said study senior author Carole Ober, PhD, Blum-Riese Professor and chair of the Department of Human Genetics at the University of Chicago. "This could be because those estimates are based on correlations between family members that share environment as well as genes, which could inflate the heritability. Gene-environment interactions are not considered in these large scale association … Continue reading

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Genetics Immortality – Video

Posted: Published on January 16th, 2015

Genetics Immortality By: Nim Mur … Continue reading

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Plant Genetics for Teachers – Video

Posted: Published on January 16th, 2015

Plant Genetics for Teachers Teachers covering agriculture can learn a lot from UNL's courses, including practical examples of how plant genetics feeds the world. By: Plant Genetics University of Nebraska-Lincoln … Continue reading

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Genetics Society of America names John Postlethwait as recipient of George W. Beadle Award

Posted: Published on January 16th, 2015

Award recognizes outstanding contributions to the community of genetics researchers BETHESDA, MD - The Genetics Society of America (GSA) is pleased to announce that John H. Postlethwait, PhD (University of Oregon) has been selected to receive the Society's George W. Beadle Award for outstanding contributions to the community of genetics researchers. The award, whose namesake was a Nobel laureate and geneticist, recognizes Dr. Postlethwait's seminal contributions to the zebrafish community. Dr. Postlethwait will receive the honor next week at GSA's 6th Strategic Conference of Zebrafish Investigators, January 17-21, in Pacific Grove, CA. "Dr. Postlethwait's work began the molecular genetic era of zebrafish research and has helped to demystify the evolution of genes and genomes," said Alex Schier, PhD, Leo Erikson Life Sciences Professor and Chair of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Harvard University, and an organizer of next week's conference. "He has also strengthened the zebrafish community through his generous data sharing, collaborative spirit, and help for dozens of labs in mutation and gene mapping." One of Dr. Postlethwait's most valuable contributions to the zebrafish community was his groundbreaking research that established this organism as a model system for vertebrate genetics. He built the first genetic map for zebrafish, which … Continue reading

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Environment trumps genetics in shaping immune system, study says

Posted: Published on January 16th, 2015

Published January 16, 2015 How your immune system does its job seems to depend more on your environment and the germs you encounter than on your genes, says new research that put twins to the test to find out. After all, the immune system adapts throughout life to fight disease, said Stanford University immunologist Mark Davis, who led the work. And while young children's immunity may be more influenced by what they inherit from mom and dad, Thursday's study showed genetic influences waned in adulthood. "Experience counts more and more as you get older," said Davis, director of Stanford's Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection. Scientists know there is tremendous variation in how the immune systems of healthy people function. Davis asked if that's more a matter of nature or nurture, by comparing 78 pairs of twins with identical genetic makeups to 27 pairs of fraternal twins, who are no more alike genetically than any other siblings. Traits shared by the identical twins are more likely to be hereditary. His team used blood samples from the twin pairs, who ranged in age from 8 to 82, to track more than 200 activities and components of the immune system. In three-quarters … Continue reading

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Study: Environment Trumps Genetics in Shaping Immune System

Posted: Published on January 16th, 2015

How your immune system does its job seems to depend more on your environment and the germs you encounter than on your genes, says new research that put twins to the test to find out. After all, the immune system adapts throughout life to fight disease, said Stanford University immunologist Mark Davis, who led the work. And while young children's immunity may be more influenced by what they inherit from mom and dad, Thursday's study showed genetic influences waned in adulthood. "Experience counts more and more as you get older," said Davis, director of Stanford's Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection. Scientists know there is tremendous variation in how the immune systems of healthy people function. Davis asked if that's more a matter of nature or nurture, by comparing 78 pairs of twins with identical genetic makeups to 27 pairs of fraternal twins, who are no more alike genetically than any other siblings. Traits shared by the identical twins are more likely to be hereditary. His team used blood samples from the twin pairs, who ranged in age from 8 to 82, to track more than 200 activities and components of the immune system. In three-quarters of the measurements, differences … Continue reading

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More needed to curb high rate of genetic diseases among Saudis: expert

Posted: Published on January 16th, 2015

Riyadh: A scheme to curb marriages within relatives in Saudi Arabia is being intensified with a compulsory pre-marriage medical tests now broached to cut the high rate of genetic diseases among the population. Dr Ayman Al Sulaiman, a genetic researcher and consultant at King Faisal Hospital in the capital Riyadh, told Saudi TV that a 2004 survey showed endogamy (marriage between close kin of the first or second degree or even in the same family) in Saudi Arabia was around 53 per cent. Now, that figure has climbed to 67 per cent. There should be intensified efforts to curb marriages within relatives," he said. "In this respect, I suggest compulsory pre-marriage medical tests. A drive to discourage marriage among relatives among Saudis was introduced 11 years ago. The state-supported programme, dubbed 'Healthy Marriage', discourages endogamy. It has reported that 3.25 million Saudis seeking to marry relatives were tested since its founding 11 years ago. Dr Al Sulaiman said the drive had succeeded in persuading at least 60 per cent of them not to go ahead with the marriage within close relatives. In the beginning, the response was below eight per cent we are now encouraged to reach a response rate … Continue reading

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Controversy over the whereabouts of Meshack Yebei deepens after DNA tests results – Video

Posted: Published on January 16th, 2015

Controversy over the whereabouts of Meshack Yebei deepens after DNA tests results In a new twist, the police now say DNA tests have confirmed that the body initially believed to be that of Meshack Yebei, actually belongs to another man and the man's family is now demanding... By: KTN Kenya … Continue reading

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