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Melatonin reduces traumatic brain injury-induced oxidative stress

Posted: Published on July 25th, 2014

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 23-Jul-2014 Contact: Meng Zhao eic@nrren.org 86-138-049-98773 Neural Regeneration Research Traumatic brain injury can cause post-traumatic neurodegenerations with an increase in reactive oxygen species and reactive oxygen species-mediated lipid peroxidation. Melatonin, a non-enzymatic antioxidant and neuroprotective agent, has been shown to counteract oxidative stress-induced pathophysiologic conditions like cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neuronal excitotoxicity and chronic inflammation. Therefore, the research team at the Neuroscience Research Center, University of Suleyman Demire, led by Prof. Mustafa Nazrolu, aimed to evaluate whether there would be a protective effect of melatonin on oxidative stress and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in traumatic brain injury rats. Their study released in the Neural Regeneration Research (Vol. 9, No. 11, 2014) have revealed that the cerebral cortex -carotene, vitamin C, vitamin E, reduced glutathione, and erythrocyte reduced glutathione levels, and plasma vitamin C level were decreased by traumatic brain injury whereas they were increased following melatonin treatment. In conclusion, melatonin seems to have protective effects on traumatic brain injury-induced cerebral cortex and blood toxicity by inhibiting free radical formation and supporting antioxidant vitamin redox system. ### Article: "Melatonin reduces traumatic brain injury-induced oxidative stress in the cerebral cortex and blood of rats" by Nilgn enol1, Mustafa Nazrolu2 … Continue reading

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Hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone for prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonia in patients with severe traumatic …

Posted: Published on July 25th, 2014

Background Hospital-acquired pneumonia is common after traumatic brain injury, and might be partly a result of traumatic brain injury-induced adrenal insufficiency. We tested the efficacy of low-dose hydrocortisone with fludrocortisone for the prevention of hospital-acquired pneumonia. From Sept 1, 2010, to Nov 29, 2012, we enrolled 336 patients (168 assigned to each group). Eight patients withdrew consent. At day 28, 74 of 165 patients (45%) in the steroid group and 87 of 163 (53%) in the placebo group had developed one or more episodes of hospital-acquired pneumonia (hazard ratio [HR] 075; 95% CI 055103, p=007). In intention-to-treat analysis, we recorded 86 episodes of hospital-acquired pneumonia in the steroid group versus 110 in the placebo group (median 0, IQR 01 vs median 1, IQR 01 cases per patient, p=007). In modified intention-to-treat analyses, the HR for hospital-acquired pneumonia with steroids versus placebo was 080 (95% CI 056114, p=022) in patients with adrenal insufficiency, and, in an exploratory preplanned analysis, 048 (023101; p=005) in patients with normal adrenal function. We recorded no adverse events related to treatment. Low-dose hydrocortisone with fludrocortisone did not improve the outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury. However, the study was underpowered because the proportion of patients … Continue reading

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Immune response may cause harm in brain injuries, disorders

Posted: Published on July 25th, 2014

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 24-Jul-2014 Contact: Tracy Wheeler wheelet2@ccf.org 216-444-4235 Cleveland Clinic July 17, 2014, Cleveland: Could the body's own immune system play a role in memory impairment and cognitive dysfunction associated with conditions like chronic epilepsy, Alzheimer's dementia and concussions? Cleveland Clinic researchers believe so, based on a study published online by PLOS ONE. The study focuses on the role of a protein known as S100B, which serves as a biomarker for brain damage. Normally, S100B is found only in the brain and spinal column. However, following a brain injury, it can leak through the blood-brain barrier into the blood. Once S100B enters the bloodstream, it is identified as an intruder by the immune system, which releases antibodies to attack the protein. "Our results show an unexpected role for S100B in the regulation of a neuro-immune response, connecting the function of the brain to the immune system," said Damir Janigro, Ph.D., senior author and molecular medicine researcher at Cleveland Clinic's Lerner Research Institute. "Uptake of S100B was prominent in cells that are known to be involved in regulating immune responses. Repeated increases of S100B whether due to epileptic seizures, Alzheimer's disease, or repeated hits to the head in sporting events … Continue reading

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stepping away from embryotic stem cells – Video

Posted: Published on July 25th, 2014

stepping away from embryotic stem cells stem cell research. By: minh hoang … Continue reading

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Binay hit for questioning DAP allocation for stem cell research

Posted: Published on July 25th, 2014

Sen. Nancy Binay. INQUIRER.net PHOTO MANILAHealth Secretary Enrique Ona has expressed disappointment with Sen. Nancy Binay, who questioned the allocation of P70 million under Disbursement Acceleration Program for a stem cell research project of the Lung Center of the Philippines. Binay had said the money could have been better spent on more beds for government hospitals. Im so disappointed with the Senator rather than support the opportunities for our doctors to do all types of research, not just on stem cell Filipinos can jumpstart medical research, comparing it with research capacity of other countriesthats what I would want to hear from her, Ona said Friday on the sidelines of the Department of Healths distribution of awards to the unsung heroes of Typhoon Yolanda. And I also wish to tell her, I hope she increases the funds for various research being conducted by our doctors, he added. Because if not, these doctors may just opt to work in other countries. Speaking at the Senate finance committee hearing on Thursday, Ona confirmed that P70 million from DAP was used to fund a Bio-Regenerative Technology Program or Stem Cell Research aimed at harnessing stem cell research and technology to reconstruct new health cells, … Continue reading

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Whitehead Institute researchers create 'nave' pluripotent human embryonic stem cells

Posted: Published on July 25th, 2014

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 24-Jul-2014 Contact: Nicole Giese Rura rura@wi.mit.edu 617-258-6851 Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research CAMBRIDGE, Mass. (July 24, 2014) For years, researchers and patients have hoped that embryonic stem cells (ESCs)capable of forming nearly any cell type in the bodycould provide insight into numerous diseases perhaps even be used to treat them. Yet progress has been hampered by the inability to transfer research and tools from mouse ESC studies to their human counterparts, in part because human ESCs are "primed" and slightly less plastic than the mouse cells. Now Thorold Theunissen, Benjamin Powell, and Haoyi Wang, who are scientists in the lab of Whitehead Institute Founding Member Rudolf Jaenisch, have discovered how to manipulate and maintain human ESCs in a "nave" or base pluripotent state similar to that of mouse ESCs without the use of any reprogramming factors. Their work is described in this week's issue of the journal Cell Stem Cell. Nave mouse ESCs are well-studied, and scientists have a strong understanding of how they function and mature into more specialized cells. But this understanding is of limited use in human ESC research, as the human cells look different, grow differently, and rely on different genes than mouse … Continue reading

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Binay: Stem cell a priority?

Posted: Published on July 25th, 2014

IF THE controversial Disbursement Acceleration Program (DAP) is meant to fund urgent, high-impact projects, why spend for such things as stem cell research instead of hospital beds? The question was raised by Senator Nancy Binay during the Senate finance committee hearing on the DAP on Friday. Binay questioned the priorities of the administration in its funding allocations, even while it claims that DAP was meant to give priority funding to projects that would have high impact on the public. For example, Binay asked why P70 million was allotted to stem cell research equipment for the Lung Center of the Philippines when so many public hospitals lack basic things such as hospital beds. Health Secretary Enrique Ona responded by saying that the equipment to be purchased would not be used exclusively for stem cell research. However Binay said that if the government really meant DAP to respond to priority needs, then more basic health needs should have been the focus of funding. Hindi ninyo naisip bumili ng hospital beds instead of stem cell research, Binay asked Ona. Priority nga diba, what can help our people? Hindi ko makita ang priority. Ona then said that that while government recognizes these basic health … Continue reading

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Butch Abad grilled over DAP-funded car for COA, stem cell research project

Posted: Published on July 25th, 2014

Budget Secretary Florencio Butch Abad answers questions during Thursdays Senate hearing on the Disbursement Acceleration Program. RYAN LEAGOGO/INQUIRER.net MANILA, Philippines Senator Nancy Binay on ThursdaygrilledBudget Secretary Florencio Butch Abad over the use of the Disbursement AccelerationProgram (DAP) to buy a car worth P5 million for the Commission on Audit (COA) and P70-million allocation for a stem cell researchproject, among others, of the Lung Center of the Philippines (LCOP). During thehearing of the Senate committee on finance on DAP, Binayconfronted Abad over COA chairpersonGrace Pulido-Tans earlier admission in one of the Senate hearings that a service car of one of the COAs commissioners came from funds under the DAP. Abad confirmedthat a P5-million budget for the car was part of the P143-million allocation given to theCOA under theDAP. Kasama po yun sa requests nila, Mr. Chair (That is included in their requests),he toldthe committee. But Binaywondered why the funding request for thevehicle did not reflect in the DAP recordsfor COA titled: IT infrastructure program andhiring of additional litigation experts. Wala ho akong nakikitang kotse dito (I cant see any car on the list), the senator said. Kasi maliit na lang ho yun , mga P5M yata yung involved (Because it was … Continue reading

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Tissue Collection Aids Search for Neurologic and Neuromuscular Disease Causes and Cures

Posted: Published on July 25th, 2014

Contact Information Available for logged-in reporters only Newswise LOS ANGELES (July 24, 2014) Like other major research centers studying genetic causes of uncommon and poorly understood nervous system disorders, Cedars-Sinai maintains a growing collection of DNA and tissue samples donated by patients. What sets Cedars-Sinais Repository of Neurologic and Neuromuscular Disorders apart is its special emphasis on tissue collection part of its focus on creating future individualized treatments for patients. One of our major priorities is to advance the concept of personalized medicine. The idea is to take DNA from a patient, look at the cells derived from their tissue, and try to understand why this particular person got this disease. Then we can determine which therapy or therapies would work for each individual by first testing their cells. Many centers look at the genetics; ours is dedicated to looking at the genetics and the patients tissues, combining the two to understand how to treat the disease, said Robert H. Baloh, MD, PhD, director of neuromuscular medicine in the Department of Neurology and director of the ALS Program for research and treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or Lou Gehrigs disease. This individualized treatment approach depends on collaborative efforts among doctors … Continue reading

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NYSCF scientists one step closer to cell therapy for multiple sclerosis patients

Posted: Published on July 25th, 2014

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 24-Jul-2014 Contact: David McKeon dmckeon@nyscf.org 212-365-7440 New York Stem Cell Foundation NEW YORK, NY (July 24, 2014) Scientists at The New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF) Research Institute are one step closer to creating a viable cell replacement therapy for multiple sclerosis from a patient's own cells. For the first time, NYSCF scientists generated induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells lines from skin samples of patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis and further, they developed an accelerated protocol to induce these stem cells into becoming oligodendrocytes, the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system implicated in multiple sclerosis and many other diseases. Existing protocols for producing oligodendrocytes had taken almost half a year to produce, limiting the ability of researchers to conduct their research. This study has cut that time approximately in half, making the ability to utilize these cells in research much more feasible. Stem cell lines and oligodendrocytes allow researchers to "turn back the clock" and observe how multiple sclerosis develops and progresses, potentially revealing the onset of the disease at a cellular level long before any symptoms are displayed. The improved protocol for deriving oligodendrocyte cells will also provide a platform for disease modeling, drug … Continue reading

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