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Introduction to genetics – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Posted: Published on April 22nd, 2014

A long molecule that looks like a twisted ladder. It is made of four types of simple units and the sequence of these units carries information, just as the sequence of letters carries information on a page. They form the rungs of the DNA ladder and are the repeating units in DNA. There are four types of nucleotides (A, T, G and C) and it is the sequence of these nucleotides that carries information. A package for carrying DNA in the cells. They contain a single long piece of DNA that is wound up and bunched together into a compact structure. Different species of plants and animals have different numbers and sizes of chromosomes. A segment of DNA. Genes are like sentences made of the "letters" of the nucleotide alphabet, between them genes direct the physical development and behavior of an organism. Genes are like a recipe or instruction book, providing information that an organism needs so it can build or do something - like making an eye or a leg, or repairing a wound. The different forms of a given gene that an organism may possess. For example, in humans, one allele of the eye-color gene produces green eyes … Continue reading →

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Genetics Practice Problems – University of Cincinnati

Posted: Published on April 22nd, 2014

Genetics Practice Problems You may type in your own answers, then check to see if you were right. If youre totally stumped, you can tell the computer to show you the answer to a particular question. Monohybrid Cross: In humans, brown eyes (B) are dominant over blue (b)*. A brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman and they have three children, two of whom are brown-eyed and one of whom is blue-eyed. Draw the Punnett square that illustrates this marriage. What is the mans genotype? What are the genotypes of the children? (* Actually, the situation is complicated by the fact that there is more than one gene involved in eye color, but for this example, well consider only this one gene.) Testcross: In dogs, there is an hereditary deafness caused by a recessive gene, d. A kennel owner has a male dog that she wants to use for breeding purposes if possible. The dog can hear, so the owner knows his genotype is either DD or Dd. If the dogs genotype is Dd, the owner does not wish to use him for breeding so that the deafness gene will not be passed on. This can be tested by breeding the … Continue reading →

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Genetic Engineering | Buzzle.com

Posted: Published on April 22nd, 2014

Genetic Engineering is a very complex field where there is a direct manipulation of an organism's genes. It is also called recombinant DNA technology, which involves creating a DNA by bringing together DNA sequences which otherwise, normally would not be combined. Techniques like transformation and molecular cloning are used in genetic engineering to modify the structure and the characteristics of genes. Interesting Examples of Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering is the technique that gives the power to desirably manipulate the genome of an organism. This ability has been explored and experimented in several organisms, some of which have been commercialized whereas the... Common Misconceptions in Genetics In the mid-19th century, Gregor Mendel propagated his theories related to heredity. A lot of progress has been made in the field of genetics since then. However, even today, there exist a lot of misconceptions owing to incorrect... Benefits of Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering process manipulates the DNA sequence to create a new one. The write-up focuses on the various benefits of genetic engineering. Genetic Engineering in Humans With the advancements in the field of genetic engineering, science in the future may give us the power to genetically modify and create 'near perfect' life. Read … Continue reading →

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Genetic Engineering | Greenpeace International

Posted: Published on April 22nd, 2014

While scientific progress on molecular biology has a great potential to increase our understanding of nature and provide new medical tools, it should not be used as justification to turn the environment into a giant genetic experiment by commercial interests. The biodiversity and environmental integrity of the world's food supply is too important to our survival to be put at risk. What's wrong with genetic engineering (GE)? Genetic engineering enables scientists to create plants, animals and micro-organisms by manipulating genes in a way that does not occur naturally. These genetically modified organisms (GMOs) can spread through nature and interbreed with natural organisms, thereby contaminating non 'GE' environments and future generations in an unforeseeable and uncontrollable way. Their release is 'genetic pollution' and is a major threat because GMOs cannot be recalled once released into the environment. Because of commercial interests, the public is being denied the right to know about GE ingredients in the food chain, and therefore losing the right to avoid them despite the presence of labelling laws in certain countries. Biological diversity must be protected and respected as the global heritage of humankind, and one of our world's fundamental keys to survival. Governments are attempting to address … Continue reading →

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Genetic Engineering – LeaderU.com

Posted: Published on April 22nd, 2014

Genetic Diseases The age of genetics has arrived. Society is in the midst of a genetic revolution that some futurists predict will have a greater impact on the culture than the industrial revolution. So, in this essay we are going to look at the area of genetic engineering. The future of genetics, like that of any other technology, offers great promise but also great peril. Nuclear technology has provided nuclear medicine, nuclear energy, and nuclear weapons. Genetic technology offers the promise of a diverse array of good, questionable, and bad technological applications. Christians, therefore, must help shape the ethical foundations of this technology and its future applications. How powerful a technology is genetic engineering? For the first time in human history, it is possible to completely redesign existing organisms, including man, and to direct the genetic and reproductive constitution of every living thing. Scientists are no longer limited to breeding and cross-pollination. Powerful genetic tools allow us to change genetic structure at the microscopic level and bypass the normal processes of reproduction. For the first time in human history, it is also possible to make multiple copies of any existing organism or of certain sections of its genetic structure. This … Continue reading →

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Gene Therapy I – RCN Corporation

Posted: Published on April 22nd, 2014

Many human diseases are caused by defective genes. All of these diseases are caused by a defect at a single gene locus. (The inheritance is recessive so both the maternal and paternal copies of the gene must be defective.) Is there any hope of introducing functioning genes into these patients to correct their disorder? Probably. Other diseases also have a genetic basis, but it appears that several genes must act in concert to produce the disease phenotype. The prospects of gene therapy in these cases seems far more remote. It is a disease of young children because, until recently, the absence of an immune system left them prey to infections that ultimately killed them. Once the virus has infected the target cells, this RNA is reverse transcribed into DNA and inserted into the chromosomal DNA of the host. The first attempts at gene therapy for SCID children (in 1990), used their own T cells (produced following ADA-PEG therapy) as the target cells. In June of 2002, a team of Italian and Israeli doctors reported on two young SCID patients that were treated with their own blood stem cells that had been transformed in vitro with a retroviral vector carrying the … Continue reading →

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Gene Therapy | Buzzle.com

Posted: Published on April 22nd, 2014

Gene therapy is a new science as of now and still in its infancy stage. In this procedure, genes from one individuals cells are injected into another, mostly for the cure of certain diseases. Read on to know all about this (X-Men type) science. Gene Therapy: History and Future A method or therapy through which nucleic acids are transferred to the somatic cells in order to treat a particular disease is termed as gene therapy. Over expressing the proteins or repairing the defective genes are two possible... Types of Gene Therapy The two gene therapy types are germ line gene therapy and somatic gene therapy. While the germ line type is aimed at permanent manipulation of genes in the germ cells, the somatic gene therapy refers to correction of genes in the... Gene Therapy Pros and Cons Some swear by its therapeutic potential, whereas some view gene therapy as violating God's powers. Gene therapy pros and cons has scientists, religious figures and even common man divided on its rationality. Let us understand what... Gene Therapy for Human Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a life-threatening disease, also known as the 'Boy in the Bubble' syndrome. Here's more. … Continue reading →

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Cerebrospinal Fluid and Embryology – Video

Posted: Published on April 22nd, 2014

Cerebrospinal Fluid and Embryology This video is about the Cerebrospinal fluid. By: Mauro Zappaterra … Continue reading →

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What is Embryology? (with picture) – wiseGEEK

Posted: Published on April 22nd, 2014

Embryology is the study of the formation of life, part of the studies with which developmental biology is concerned. Developmental biology examines how all forms of life begin, and how they develop into fully formed and functioning organisms. Embryology's focus is much narrower. An embryologist looks at the beginning of life from the one-celled organism, egg or sperm. Embryologists examine fertilization and track the development of the embryo until it bears a resemblance to its progenitors. For example, in human conception, embryologists would be interested in both sperm and egg, and the meeting of the two, and then would follow egg implantation and the growth of an embryo until it reaches the fetal stage. So in humans, the study of an embryo would last until about the second month of a pregnancy. Some embryologists further examine the full development of different organs in the body. For example, neuroembryology studies the way the spinal chord and central nervous system develop from the fertilized egg. Cardiologists employ embryology so they can classify the way a fertilized egg develops into the heart and lungs. Aristotle was one of the first to champion the theory of epigenesis, the concept that life forms develop into … Continue reading →

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Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 – Wikipedia …

Posted: Published on April 22nd, 2014

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. It created the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority which is in charge of human embryo research, along with monitoring and licensing fertility clinics in the United Kingdom.[1] The Authority is composed of a chairman, a deputy chairman, and however many members are appointed by the UK Secretary of State. They are in charge of reviewing information about human embryos and subsequent development, provision of treatment services, and activities governed by the Act of 1990.[2] The Authority also offers information and advice to people seeking treatment, and to those who have donated gametes or embryos for purposes or activities covered in the Act of 1990. Some of the subjects under the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act of 1990 are prohibitions in connection with gametes, embryos, and germ cells.[3] It also addresses licensing conditions, code of practice, and procedure of approval involving human embryos.[4] This only concerns human embryos which have reached the two cell zygote stage, at which they are considered fertilised in the act.[5] It also governs the keeping and using of human embryos, but only outside the womans body. The act contains … Continue reading →

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