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Clinical Questions, PICO, & Study Designs – Evidence-Based …

Posted: Published on January 31st, 2014

Two additional important elements of the well-built clinical question to consider are the type of foreground question and the type of study (methodology). This information can be helpful in focusing the question and determining the most appropriate type of evidence. Foreground questions can be further divided into questions that relate to therapy, diagnosis, prognosis, etiology/harm Therapy: Questions of treatment in order to achieve some outcome. May include drugs, surgical intervention, change in diet, counseling, etc. Diagnosis: Questions of identification of a disorder in a patient presenting with specific symptoms. Prognosis: Questions of progression of a disease or likelihood of a disease occurring. Etiology/Harm: Questions of negative impact from an intervention or other exposure. Knowing the type of foreground question can help you select the best study design to answer your question. You always want to look for the study design that will yield the highest level of evidence. Consult the pyramid (click the image to enlarge it) and the definitions below. To see more info on the relationship between study design and question type, check out Chapter Three "What is the Question? Clarifying Your Question" from the Users' Guide to the Medical Literature. Definitions of Study Types (From the British … Continue reading →

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Stem cell agency’s grants to UCLA help set stage for revolutionary medicine

Posted: Published on January 30th, 2014

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 29-Jan-2014 Contact: Shaun Mason smason@mednet.ucla.edu 310-206-2805 University of California - Los Angeles Scientists from UCLA's Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research were today awarded grants totaling more than $3.5 million by California's stem cell agency for their ongoing efforts to advance revolutionary stem cell science in medicine. Recipients of the awards from the California Institute of Renerative Medicine (CIRM) included Lili Yang ($614,400), who researches how stem cells become rare immune cells; Denis Evseenko ($1,146,468), who is studying the biological niche in which stem cells grow into cartilage; Thomas Otis and Bennet Novitch ($1,148,758), who are using new techniques to study communication between nerve and muscle cells in spinal muscular atrophy; and Samantha Butler ($598,367), who is investigating the molecular elements that drive stem cells to become the neurons in charge of our sense of touch. "These basic biology grants form the foundation of the revolutionary advances we are seeing in stem cell science," said Dr. Owen Witte, professor and director of the Broad Stem Cell Research Center. "Every cellular therapy that reaches patients must begin in the laboratory with ideas and experiments that will lead us to revolutionize medicine and … Continue reading →

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Biology revision song on protein synthesis by Andrew Perkins – Video

Posted: Published on January 30th, 2014

Biology revision song on protein synthesis by Andrew Perkins I am currently a lecturer teaching undergraduate nurses at a London University and this is one song I used to help get some of the tricky fundamental ideas o... By: Andrew Perkins … Continue reading →

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Unlocking The Mysteries Of The Cuttlefish’s Camouflage

Posted: Published on January 30th, 2014

January 29, 2014 [ Watch the Video: What Mechanisms Are Behind Cuttlefish Camouflage? ] Brett Smith for redOrbit.com Your Universe Online Capable of producing zebra-like camouflage or hypnotic color oscillations, the skin of the cuttlefish has long fascinated scientists looking to unlock its secrets. Now, a new study from Harvard University has revealed a natural nanoscale photonic device that allows the so-called chameleon of the sea to dynamically change its colors. Nature solved the riddle of adaptive camouflage a long time ago, said study author Kevin Kit Parker, a professor of bioengineering and applied physics at the Harvard. Now the challenge is to reverse-engineer this system in a cost-efficient, synthetic system that is amenable to mass manufacturing. By using pigmented organs called chromatophores, the cephalopod can change the look of its skin in response to visual stimuli. Scientists have been unable to understand the biological, chemical, and optical mechanics behind this adaptive coloration. To change skin color, the cuttlefish uses a system of vertically arranged optical components: the leucophore, a light scatterer that spreads light evenly over the visible spectrum; the iridophore, a reflector made from thin films; and the chromatophore. This layered system allows the cuttlefish skin to selectively … Continue reading →

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Stem Cell Agency Helps Set the Stage for Revolutionary Medicine

Posted: Published on January 30th, 2014

Contact Information Available for logged-in reporters only Newswise Scientists from UCLAs Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research have received new awards from the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), the state stem cell research agency, that will forward revolutionary stem cell science in medicine. Recipients included Dr. Lili Yang, assistant professor of microbiology, immunology and molecular genetics who received $614,400 for her project to develop a novel system for studying how stem cells become rare immune cells; Dr. Denis Evseenko, assistant professor of orthopedic surgery, who received $1,146,468 for his project to identify the elements of the biological niche in which stem cells grow most efficiently into articular cartilage cells; Dr. Thomas Otis, professor and chair of neurobiology and Dr. Ben Novitch, assistant professor of neurobiology, who received $1,148,758 for their project using new light-based optigenetic techniques to study the communication between nerve and muscle cells in spinal muscular atrophy, an inherited degenerative neuromuscular disease in children; and Dr. Samantha Butler, assistant professor of neurobiology, received $598,367 for her project on discovering which molecular elements drive stem cells to become the neurons, or nerve cells, in charge of our sense of touch. These basic … Continue reading →

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San Francisco Stem Cell Treatment Center |

Posted: Published on January 30th, 2014

Welcome to the San Francisco Stem Cell Treatment Center For the investigational use of adipose (fat) derived mesenchymal stem cells for clinical and research and deployment. Please call (415) 345-0099, or email info@sfstemcellcenter.com to set up a complimentary 15-minute consultation so we may determine how our programs may fit your specific needs. Our staff will be delighted to answer your questions. We are now engaged in IRB approved studies looking into the treatment of the following conditions/illnesses: Our center is a research affiliate of Cell Surgical Network (CSN). SFSCTC uses adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells for deployment & clinical research. Early stem cell research has traditionally been associated with the controversial use of embryonic stem cells. The new focus is on non-embryonic adult mesenchymal stem cells which are found in a persons own blood, bone marrow and fat. Most stem cell treatment centers in the world are currently using stem cells derived from bone marrow. Recent technological advances enable SFSCTC to use adipose derived stem cells. Autologous stem cells from a persons own fat are easy to harvest safely under local anesthesia and are abundant in quantities up to 2500 times those seen in bone marrow. Originally posted here: San … Continue reading →

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Screening for transformed human mesenchymal stromal cells with tumorigenic potential

Posted: Published on January 30th, 2014

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 29-Jan-2014 Contact: Dr. Qiuwei Pan q.pan@erasmusmc.nl Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine Researchers at Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands, led by Dr. Qiuwei Pan and Dr. Luc van der Laan, have discovered that spontaneous tumorigenic transformation of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) can occur during cell culture expansion, although the frequency is relatively low and often only observed after extensive passage in culture. This report appears in the January 2014 issue of Experimental Biology and Medicine. Currently, MSCs are being widely investigated as a potential treatment for various diseases. According to ClinicalTrials.gov, over 350 clinical trials using MSCs have been registered by the end of 2013 (with a search of: mesenchymal stem cells). For cell transplantation, MSCs are often isolated from either the patient or from a third party donor, and then expanded in cell culture before therapeutic application. In fact, spontaneous transformation of primary cells in cell culture has been well-investigated over decades. Malignant transformation of murine and monkey MSCs has also recently been reported. The current study confirmed that spontaneous tumorigenic transformation of human MSCs can occur during cell culture expansion. This potentially has large implications for the clinical application of ex vivo … Continue reading →

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High fat diet helping some kids with seizures

Posted: Published on January 30th, 2014

OVERLAND PARK, KS (KCTV) - For years doctors have been trying to find new ways to treat epileptic seizures in children. Often children with epilepsy don't respond well to medication, but now there's a new diet that doctors say might be a better treatment than medication. It's a meal that takes nearly an hour to prepare because everything has to be weighed and measured. "It's hard work and you need to keep track that they don't put anything into their mouth that they're not supposed to," said mother Bertha Guillen. Her son Santiago suffers from epilepsy, and while many medications have failed to help his seizures, the ketogenic diet seems to be working. "In the beginning it was heartbreaking, his seizures weren't stopping," Guillen said. "I knew the diet would be high in fats, but in a healthy way." It's a one-of-a-kind diet program at Children's Mercy South Hospital and it consists of some surprising things. "This typically includes roughly about three to four parts fat to one part protein and carbohydrate," said Dr. Ahmed Abdelmoity, the chief of epilepsy and neurology at the hospital. The ketogenic diet seems to go against everything people normally think about when it comes … Continue reading →

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Avonte Oquendo’s tragic death highlights the need for autism education

Posted: Published on January 30th, 2014

As the tragic end to the story of missing 14-year-old Avonte Oquendo unfolded in New York, the very serious issue of children with autism who have a tendency to wander is again brought to light. The wandering behavior this young boy exhibited is called eloping, which means he left a safe location on his own accord without asking permission or being given a direction to do so. According to a 2011 report by Kennedy Krieger Institute's Interactive Autism Network, 49 percent of children with an autism spectrum disorders have attempted to leave a safe environment. According to the report, 56 percent of parents say eloping is one of the most stressful behaviors they encounter while caring for their children with autism. Eloping, also referred to as bolting, darting, or running, is a potentially dangerous behavior that has led to 22 deaths in just 20 months between 2009 and 2011, according to the National Autism Association. Of those 22 deaths, 20 were caused by accidental drowning and two were hit by vehicles. The danger of elopement comes in many forms; from running into traffic to going with a stranger, the hazards are around every corner. Some children with autism are nonverbal … Continue reading →

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Boston one of best places to live for those with autism

Posted: Published on January 30th, 2014

Natalie Lambert, 29, of Tewksbury, tells me that she's been amazed by the services afforded to her two sons, ages six and four, who were diagnosed with autism in 2009. "Their initial evaluation was mostly covered by my Blue Cross Blue Shield insurance. I had to pay about 10 percent of the fee,"which came out to $500 for the $5,000 two-day evaluation of her older son at Massachusetts General Hospital's autism center. Lambert's sons, who attend the Loella F. Dewing public elementary school in Tewksbury, have caseworkers who keep track of their needs, mainstreaming them into regular classrooms with their peers for as much of the day as possible. "My older son, in first grade, now spends all of his time in a regular classroom with an aide to help him out," says Lambert. Last year, he spent half the day in intensive therapy to teach him social and behavioral skills, so he would, say, learn to ask questions or play by other kids' rules, not just his own. Lambert's younger son goes to regular pre-school for two hours a day and gets another 3.5 hours a day of therapy. The cost to Lambert for all these educational services? Nothing. … Continue reading →

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