Feb. 11, 2013 A discovery using stem cells from a patient with motor neuron disease could help research into treatments for the condition. The study used a patient's skin cells to create motor neurons -- nerve cells that control muscle activity -- and the cells that support them called astrocytes. Researchers studied these two types of cells in the laboratory. They found that a protein expressed by abnormalities in a gene linked to motor neuron disease, which is called TDP-43, caused the astrocytes to die. The study, led by the University of Edinburgh and funded by the Motor Neurone Disease Association, provides fresh insight into the mechanisms involved in the disease. Although TDP-43 mutations are a rare cause of motor neuron disease (MND), scientists are especially interested in the gene because in the vast majority of MND patients, TDP-43 protein (made by the TDP-43 gene) forms pathological clumps inside motor neurons. Motor neurons die in MND leading to paralysis and early death. This study shows for the first time that abnormal TDP-43 protein causes death of astrocytes. The researchers, however, found that the damaged astrocytes were not directly toxic to motor neurons. Better understanding the role of astrocytes could help … Continue reading →

Newswise PISCATAWAY, NJ -- The social symbol for autism awareness, a ribbon of brightly-colored puzzle pieces, reflects the complexity of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). A new five-year $2.125 million grant from the New Jersey Governors Council for Medical Research and Treatment of Autism will fund research of induced pluripotent stem cells that may be used to piece together the genetic pathways of autism and lead to new treatments for individuals affected by ASD. The research, led by James H. Millonig, PhD, associate professor of neuroscience and cell biology at the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, is being conducted as part of the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School New Jersey Autism Center of Excellence (NJ ACE). Autism is defined by a spectrum of behavioral and neurological abnormalities, with distinct characteristics for each individual denoting that there are multiple underlying genetic causes, said Dr. Millonig, who also is assistant dean of medical science training at Robert Wood Johnson Medical School and a member of the Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, a joint institute of the medical school and Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey. Working with my colleagues in neuroscience and at the … Continue reading →

CARLSBAD, CA--(Marketwire - Feb 12, 2013) - International Stem Cell Corporation ( OTCQB : ISCO ) (www.internationalstemcell.com) ("ISCO" or "the Company") a California-based biotechnology company, today announced the conclusions from its study demonstrating the efficacy and safety of the hepatocyte-like cells (HLC) derived from human parthenogenetic stem cells (hpSC) in a well-established animal model of a congenital liver disorder associated with bilirubin metabolism. The data from this pre-clinical study indicates that implanting HLC in rodents produced both a significant initial decrease and the long-term stabilization of bilirubin levels in blood serum. Criggler-Najjar syndrome type 1 (CN1) is a rare inherited metabolic disorder in which the sufferer's liver lacks a specific enzyme -- UGT1A1, which is essential for the clearance of the toxin bilirubin. The syndrome results in unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, a disorder characterized by severe neurological complications which, if left untreated, can lead to irreversible acute encephalopathy. Allogenic hepatocyte transplantation (HT) has been used as an alternative therapeutic option for patients with liver-based metabolic diseases including CN1. However, one of the major factors limiting the clinical advancement of human HT is a shortage of mature, functioning human hepatocytes as well as the limited repopulation capacity of grafted adult cells. The use … Continue reading →

NEW YORK (AP) -- Shares of StemCells Inc. jumped Tuesday after the company said it finished treating the first group of patients in a clinical trial of its stem cell therapy. THE SPARK: StemCells said it has completed treatment for three patients and is now observing their long-term health. All three had suffered a "complete" spinal cord injury at chest level, which means they had no nerve function or feeling below the area that was injured. The company said two of the patients had greater sensory function a year after treatment, and one had recovered to the point that the injury is now considered "incomplete." StemCells said that as far as it knows, this is the first time a patient has experienced that kind of improvement after treatment with neural stem cells. The study measured changes in the patients' sensitivity to touch, heat and electrical stimuli. StemCells said one of the patients didn't experience any improvement. THE BIG PICTURE: The Newark, Calif., company is studying therapies based on purified adult neural stem cells. It had previously reported that two of the three patients had improved six months after they were treated. StemCells is also testing its treatment on patients with … Continue reading →