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New stroke gene discovery could lead to tailored treatments

Posted: Published on February 1st, 2013

Public release date: 31-Jan-2013 [ | E-mail | Share ] Contact: Marianne Slegers marianne.slegers@kcl.ac.uk 44-077-034-69550 King's College London An international study led by King's College London has identified a new genetic variant associated with stroke. By exploring the genetic variants linked with blood clotting a process that can lead to a stroke scientists have discovered a gene which is associated with large vessel and cardioembolic stroke but has no connection to small vessel stroke. Published in the journal Annals of Neurology, the study provides a potential new target for treatment and highlights genetic differences between different types of stroke, demonstrating the need for tailored treatments. About 15 million people worldwide suffer a stroke each year. Of these, five million die and another five million are left permanently disabled, according to numbers from the World Health Organization (WHO). Risk factors for a stroke are high blood pressure, a heart rhythm disorder, high blood cholesterol, tobacco use, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, diabetes and advancing age. A stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off, often due to a blood clot blocking an artery that carries blood to the brain, which then leads to brain cell damage. Coagulation (blood … Continue reading

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New Stroke Guidelines Expand Use of Clot-Busting Drugs

Posted: Published on February 1st, 2013

Some people who've had a stroke can receive a clot-busting drug up to 4.5 hours after their symptoms begin, according to new guidelines from the American Heart Association. Previously, the guidelines said the drug must be delivered within three hours of the onset of symptoms. The drug, called tissue plasminogen activator, or tPA, breaks down blood clots in the brain, and can improve stroke symptoms and reduce the risk of disability. It is used only for strokes caused by blood clots, and not those caused by bleeding in the brain. The sooner the treatment is given, the better a patient's chances for recovery, said Dr. Edward Jauch, lead author of the guidelines and director of the Division of Emergency Medicine at the Medical University of South Carolina. Currently, just 3 to 5 percent of stroke patients reach the hospital in time to be considered for the treatment, the AHA says. Researchers hope the new guidelines will increase the number of patients who receive the treatment, Jauch said. Patients are eligible to receive tPA in the extended time window 3 to 4.5 hours after stroke symptoms appear if they are younger than age 80, if their stroke is mild to moderate … Continue reading

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Researchers pinpoint gene behind rare disorder in kids, treat successfully

Posted: Published on February 1st, 2013

TORONTO - Canadian researchers have used the power of genomics to identify the cause of a rare Parkinson's-like disease in children of one extended family and come up with a treatment to help reverse its effects. It's believed to be the first time a new disease has been discovered, its cause figured out and a treatment successfully determined in such a short time, in this case about two years. The eight children five boys and three girls born to four sets of parents in a large Saudi Arabian family were born with symptoms similar to those experienced by adults with Parkinson's disease, said principal researcher Dr. Berge Minassian, a neurologist at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children. "They're very interesting, they're like little babies with Parkinson's disease," said Minassian, explaining that the children exhibited typical symptoms of the neurological disorder, including tremors, problems executing movements, and the flat facial expression known as a "masked face." "Those kids are like that. They cry, but you don't see them cry," he said. Dr. Reem Alkhater, a pediatric neurology resident at the hospital, has been travelling back and forth between Toronto and Saudi Arabia as part of the research team's investigations into the familial … Continue reading

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How Van Andel researcher made Parkinson's breakthrough with help from Michael J. Fox, Rockford coach, Japanese trout

Posted: Published on February 1st, 2013

GRAND RAPIDS, MI Myriad factors fell into place to bring about Van Andel Institute's recent breakthrough in Parkinson's disease research. A Rockford basketball coach and Hollywood star Michael J. Fox. Patients at Saint Marys Health Care and patients in Sweden. Rainbow trout in Japan. And a Malaysian scientist. That international constellation of people and places and fish are the touch points in a study that may lead to a better way to detect Parkinsons disease. Connecting the dots was a Van Andel Institute scientist named Sok Kean Khoo, who scanned and analyzed blood samples in a bright, glass-roofed lab overlooking downtown Grand Rapids. From Malaysia to Michigan Khoo, who is of Chinese descent and grew up in Malaysia, has worked at VAI for 13 years. Although she was initially involved in cancer research, she noticed Parkinsons patients blood samples stored in a freezer at the institute. She wondered if she could apply a cancer research technique, looking for tiny molecules called microRNA, to investigate a neurodegenerative disease. Her pilot project, published in December in the Journal of Parkinsons Disease, was the first to identify a molecular biomarker in blood plasma that may one day be used to develop a blood … Continue reading

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Ronald Parkinson: Former V&A chief died in squalor after battle with depression

Posted: Published on February 1st, 2013

Ronald Parkinson, 67, lived a hermit-like existence from living room Mr Parkinson was found dead naked with some food completely untouched 'He had a history of depression and alcoholism', an inquest has heard His cousin said he was a 'renowned happy individual' and was 'greatly loved' By Larisa Brown PUBLISHED: 16:21 EST, 31 January 2013 | UPDATED: 16:35 EST, 31 January 2013 A world-renowned art historian and former head of education at the V&A museum died in squalor after a secret battle with depression, an inquest heard today. Ronald Parkinson, 67, lived a hermit-like existence from the living room of his home in Tooting, south west London, surrounded by empty takeaway wrappers and piles of dirty clothes. Mr Parkinson was found dead, lying face down on the floor naked with some food, which had been left for him five days earlier, completely untouched. Ronald Parkinson, a world-renowned art historian and former head of education at the V&A museum, pictured, died in squalor after a secret battle with depression, an inquest has heard Westminster Coroner's Court heard Parkinson, a noted author on the works of artist John Constable, drank heavily for more than 30 years and battled depression. 'He had a … Continue reading

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Treatment pinpointed for rare Parkinson-like disorder in kids

Posted: Published on February 1st, 2013

Canadian researchers have used the power of genomics to identify the cause of a rare Parkinson's-like disease in children of one extended family and come up with a treatment to help reverse its effects. It's believed to be the first time a new disease has been discovered, its cause figured out and a treatment successfully determined in such a short time, in this case about two years. The eight children five boys and three girls born to four sets of parents in a large Saudi Arabian family were born with symptoms similar to those experienced by adults with Parkinson's disease, said principal researcher Dr. Berge Minassian, a neurologist at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children. "They're very interesting, they're like little babies with Parkinson's disease," said Minassian, explaining that the children exhibited typical symptoms of the neurological disorder, including tremors, problems executing movements, and the flat facial expression known as a "masked face." "Those kids are like that. They cry, but you don't see them cry," he said. Dr. Reem Alkhater, a pediatric neurology resident at the hospital, has been travelling back and forth between Toronto and Saudi Arabia as part of the research team's investigations into the familial disorder. The … Continue reading

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The little boy walking again after his parents raised £50,000 for cerebral palsy treatment in the U.S.

Posted: Published on February 1st, 2013

Callum Brown suffers from cerebral palsy, meaning muscle tightness in his legs makes it impossible for him to walk His parents raised 50,000 for an operation in the U.S. that cuts the faulty nerves in the spine to help him move Stunned his parents Sharon and Neil by taking his first supported steps just four days after the operation By Anna Hodgekiss PUBLISHED: 12:58 EST, 31 January 2013 | UPDATED: 15:56 EST, 31 January 2013 An eight-year-old boy with cerebral palsy has taken his first steps just days after pioneering surgery in America. Callum Brown flew to St Louis Children's Hospital in Missouri from his home in Seaton Sluice, Northumberland, for selective dorsal rhizotomy surgery to improve the muscle tone in his lower legs. Cerebral palsy - an umbrella term used to describe damage to the brain that occurs around birth and affects the ability to move. About 1,800 children are diagnosed with it each year in the UK. Callum Brown, with father Neil and mother Sharon, flew to St Louis Children's Hospital in Missouri for selective dorsal rhizotomy surgery to improve the muscle tone in his lower legs The procedure involves severing the nerves in the spine that send … Continue reading

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Callum Brown, 8, walking again after parents raise £50k for cerebral palsy treatment

Posted: Published on February 1st, 2013

Callum Brown suffers from cerebral palsy, meaning muscle tightness in his legs makes it impossible for him to walk His parents raised 50,000 for an operation in the U.S. that cuts the faulty nerves in the spine to help him move Stunned his parents Sharon and Neil by taking his first supported steps just four days after the operation By Anna Hodgekiss PUBLISHED: 12:58 EST, 31 January 2013 | UPDATED: 15:56 EST, 31 January 2013 An eight-year-old boy with cerebral palsy has taken his first steps just days after pioneering surgery in America. Callum Brown flew to St Louis Children's Hospital in Missouri from his home in Seaton Sluice, Northumberland, for selective dorsal rhizotomy surgery to improve the muscle tone in his lower legs. Cerebral palsy - an umbrella term used to describe damage to the brain that occurs around birth and affects the ability to move. About 1,800 children are diagnosed with it each year in the UK. Callum Brown, with father Neil and mother Sharon, flew to St Louis Children's Hospital in Missouri for selective dorsal rhizotomy surgery to improve the muscle tone in his lower legs The procedure involves severing the nerves in the spine that send … Continue reading

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Will Brain Injury Lawsuits Doom or Save the NFL?

Posted: Published on February 1st, 2013

When Gene Locks led Princeton against Columbia on Oct.7, 1957, it took the Tigers quarterback only a few plays to discover that the middle of the Columbia line was paper thin, according to the Daily Princetonian. In the Tigers single-wing offense, Locks served as a blocker, leaving gaping holes in Columbias defense on the way to a 47-6 wipeout. Fifty-six years later, a grayer, wider Locks sits in his Philadelphia law office behind piles of client files. Black-and-white gridiron photos of his svelte younger self look down from a shelf. In the 1970s he brought some of the first lawsuits on behalf of pipe fitters exposed to asbestos insulation. His firm eventually represented more than 16,000 asbestos clients in 20 states. In the late 1990s he helped lead the Fen-Phen diet drug litigation, which culminated in a $6billion settlement. Now 75, Locks has earned a fortune in fees. In 2011 he had planned to spend more time with his grandchildren. Then these concussion cases started coming in, he says. I remember what its like to get your bell rung. Even as an expected 110million Americans take to their couches for the 47th Super Bowl on Feb.3, Locks is waging a … Continue reading

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'Neurosteroid' found to prevent brain injury caused by HIV/AIDS

Posted: Published on February 1st, 2013

Jan. 31, 2013 A team of scientists from Canada, Thailand and Morocco have found that DHEA-S may prevent neurocognitive impairment that affects a significant percentage of AIDS patients. In a report appearing in the February 2013 issue of The FASEB Journal, they describe how a network of steroid molecules found in the brain, termed "neurosteroids," is disrupted during HIV infection leading to brain damage. This suggests that treatment with one of these steroid molecules, called DHEA-S, may offset the disruption caused by the virus to prevent or reduce brain damage. "From these studies, we have gained a better understanding of how HIV injures the brain during AIDS, together with developing a new treatment approach for the resulting neurological disabilities arising from HIV/AIDS," said Christopher Power, M.D., co-author of this study from the Department of Medicine at the Medical Research Centre at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Canada. To make their discovery, Power and colleagues initially found that neurosteroid enzyme levels were suppressed in the brains of people with HIV/AIDS and that a neurosteroid molecule, DHEA-S, prevented damage to cultured brain cells (neurons) caused by HIV. Then, using an animal model of AIDS, they showed that treatment with DHEA-S prevented … Continue reading

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