Tiny synthetic particles could help scientists develop vaccines against immune response diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), research has shown. The "nanoparticles" trick the immune system into calming down and behaving normally. In tests on mice, they halted a rodent version of relapsing-remitting MS, the most common form of the serious autoimmune disease. Scientists believe the technology could be applied to a range of immune system disorders, including Type 1 diabetes, food allergies and asthma. MS occurs when the immune system attacks myelin, the fatty insulation that surrounds nerve fibres. Breaks in the myelin coating prevent nerve messages being transmitted properly, leading to symptoms ranging from numbness and tingling to full-blown paralysis. Current treatments for MS rely on suppressing the immune system, which can make patients susceptible to infections and cancer. Instead, the nanoparticle vaccine re-sets the immune system to stop the "friendly fire" attacks. The nanoparticles, made from two biodegradable compounds that occur naturally in the body, are attached to myelin proteins. Injected into sick mice, the nanoparticles were viewed by the immune system as ordinary dying blood cells which can be ignored. This also caused the immune system to tolerate the myelin proteins attached to them. Having learned … Continue reading
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