(Phys.org)Embryonic stem cells hold great promise as a potential cell-based therapy for a myriad of serious diseases, but there is still much to learn before they become a regular part of the doctor's toolkit. Scientists do not yet fully understand the complex processes that take place during the earliest stages of development when stem cells in the embryo begin to transform into specialized cells that can be used to regenerate bones, tissues and nerves. Now, researchers at the University of Georgia have discovered new changes in molecule structures on the cell surface that may play critical roles in this stage of embryonic growth. Their work not only promises to further the understanding of basic human development, but it may also speed the creation of effective stem cell therapies. Their study, published recently in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, demonstrated how the genetic expression of specific enzymes resulted in significant changes to the complex chains of sugar molecules that densely coat the outside of cells. Known as glycans, these molecules were once thought to be a relatively unimportant part of the cell, scientists now recognize that glycans play essential roles in the regulation of cell behavior, and ultimately, human health and … Continue reading
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