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Hypertension | pathology | Britannica.com

Posted: Published on October 30th, 2018

Hypertension, also called high blood pressure, condition that arises when the blood pressure is abnormally high. Hypertension occurs when the bodys smaller blood vessels (the arterioles) narrow, causing the blood to exert excessive pressure against the vessel walls and forcing the heart to work harder to maintain the pressure. Although the heart and blood vessels can tolerate increased blood pressure for months and even years, eventually the heart may enlarge (a condition called hypertrophy) and be weakened to the point of failure. Injury to blood vessels in the kidneys, brain, and eyes also may occur. Read More on This Topic pharmaceutical industry: Hypertension Hypertension has been labeled the silent killer. It usually has minimal or no symptoms and typically is not regarded as a primary cause of death. Untreated hypertension increases the incidence and severity of cardiovascular diseases and stroke. Before 1950 there were no effective treatments Blood pressure is actually a measure of two pressures, the systolic and the diastolic. The systolic pressure (the higher pressure and the first number recorded) is the force that blood exerts on the artery walls as the heart contracts to pump the blood to the peripheral organs and tissues. The diastolic pressure (the … Continue reading

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Hypotension – Wikipedia

Posted: Published on October 30th, 2018

Hypotension is low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation.[1] Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. A systolic blood pressure of less than 90 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg) or diastolic of less than 60mm Hg is generally considered to be hypotension.[2][3] However, in practice, blood pressure is considered too low only if noticeable symptoms are present.[4] Hypotension is the opposite of hypertension, which is high blood pressure. It is best understood as a physiological state, rather than a disease. Severely low blood pressure can deprive the brain and other vital organs of oxygen and nutrients, leading to a life-threatening condition called shock. For some people who exercise and are in top physical condition, low blood pressure is a sign of good health and fitness.[5] A single session of exercise can induce hypotension and exercise water-based can induce important hypotension response.[6]For many people, excessively low blood pressure can cause dizziness and fainting or indicate serious heart, endocrine or neurological disorders. Treatment of hypotension may include the use of intravenous fluids or vasopressors. When using vasopressors, trying to achieve a mean arterial pressure (MAP) … Continue reading

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Interventional Cardiology | Stanford Health Care

Posted: Published on October 25th, 2018

Technicians support your care by performing diagnostic tests. If needed, a device coordinator will help you get set up with an implantable device to monitor your hearts activity from home. Diagnostic Lab TechniciansLab technicians support your care by performing diagnostic tests. They collect samples and analyze blood, tissue, urine, and other body substances to provide detailed information to help doctors identify your diagnosis. Electrocardiogram (EKG) TechniciansThese technicians use EKG equipment to test and monitor your hearts electrical activity. Our technicians have years of expertise in all EKGs, including standard EKGs, exercise stress tests, and Holter monitoring. EchosonographersEchosonographers are experienced in heart ultrasound techniques and technology, including stress echo, 3-D echo, and Doppler echo. Echocardiography creates moving images of your heart to help doctors diagnose and treat your heart condition. Device CoordinatorsIf you need an implantable device, our device coordinators help navigate the process before, during, and after the procedure. They provide education about your device, the implantation procedure, and ongoing home care. See the article here: Interventional Cardiology | Stanford Health Care … Continue reading

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Interventional Cardiology | Ohio State Medical Center

Posted: Published on October 25th, 2018

Ohio States Heart and Vascular Center is home to a high-volume team of interventional cardiologists, performing more than 5,000 procedures each year. This experience means our physicians, nurses and staff are better equipped and more skilled at handling even the most difficult cases. Not only are we home to state-of-the-art cardiac catheterization facilities at the Ross Heart Hospital and Ohio States University Hospital East, but we also pioneer new and minimally invasive techniques, such as transradial catheterization. For emergency or life-threatening cardiovascular conditions, our physicians developed the states first Level 1 Cardiovascular Emergency Program, which gives patients immediate access to the highest levels of care for a variety of cardiovascular emergencies. We participate in a statewide system of heart attack care that speeds the treatment time for patients suffering from heart attacks, meaning patients treated at Ohio State receive care nearly twice as fast as the national average of 90 minutes. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services have recognized Ohio State's Wexner Medical Center as a leader in heart attack patient survival rates. Ohio State is one of only 95 in the United States and one of only three in Ohio to achieve this level of performance. Our heart … Continue reading

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Interventional Cardiology | Community Health Network

Posted: Published on October 25th, 2018

Interventional cardiology is a subspecialty of cardiology focused on management and treatment of cardiovascular disease through insertion of tools into the body, such as catheters, balloons and stents. Common interventional cardiology procedures include angioplasty, atherectomy and valvuloplasty. Patients undergo these types of procedures in our cardiac catheterization labs. Meet Our Interventional Cardiologists Community Heart and Vascular Hospital offers transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), an FDA-approved procedure appropriate for patients with aortic valve stenosis who are not candidates for open surgery to replace their natural aortic valve. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement involves replacing the aortic valve with a prosthetic valve via the femoral artery in your leg (transfemoral) or the left ventricular apex of your heart (transapical). A less invasive approach, TAVR is usually reserved for individuals at increased risk of complications from open heart aortic valve surgery. TAVR is sometimes referred to as transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). Watch the video below featuring Sandeep Dube, MD, an interventional cardiologist, as he explains the minimally-invasive TAVR procedure. Learn about benefits for patients, patient signs and symptoms, who qualifies for the procedure, and what to expect in recovery. Aortic valve stenosis or aortic stenosis occurs when the hearts aortic valve narrows. This … Continue reading

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Interventional Cardiology Fellowship | Internal Medicine

Posted: Published on October 25th, 2018

Message from the Program Director Comprehensive interventional training is provided to three applicants during a fourth year of training, which provides experience in over 350 percutaneous coronary interventions per fellow, including coronary, peripheral, and structural heart procedures, angioplasty and stenting, intravascular ultrasound, pressure wire and other adjunctive devices such as rotablator, cutting balloon, embolic protection, intra-aortic balloon pump, Impella, and the use of investigational agents and technology for the performance of intravascular revascularization. In addition to excellence in the procedural aspects of intervention, our fellows gain ample experience in the pre and post-procedural care of their interventional patients, and will perfect their skills in diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Peripheral interventional training is integral to the training year with each fellow working ~50-100 cardiovascular procedures per fellow. Non-coronary cardiac interventional procedures include alcohol septal ablations, Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) & Atrial Septal Defect (ASD) closure procedures, mitral and aortic valvuloplasty and percutaneous aortic valve implantations. Research: Our program is committed to academic excellence and thrives with opportunities for our trainees. Our fellows have exposure to one of the most dedicated and enthusiastic clinical research programs in the nation with a census of more than 20 active clinical trials, including studies in novel … Continue reading

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ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Posted: Published on October 18th, 2018

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is the term cardiologists use to describe a classic heart attack. It is one type of myocardial infarction in which a part of the heart muscle (myocardium) has died due to the obstruction of blood supply to the area. The ST segment refers to the flat section of an electrocardiogram (ECG) reading and represents the interval between jagged heartbeats. When a person has a heart attack, this segment will no longer be flat but will appear abnormally elevated. STEMI is one of three types of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). ACS occurs when a plaque ruptures from within a coronary artery, causing the partial or complete obstruction of that artery. The obstruction itself is caused when blood clots form around the area of the rupture. When obstructed, the portion of the heart muscle serviced by that artery will quickly suffer from a lack of oxygen, called ischemia. Chest pains (angina) are often the first signs of this. If the obstruction is extensive enough, some of the heart muscle will begin to die, resulting in myocardial infarction. We categorize ACS by the level of obstruction and the resulting damage to the heart muscle: Regardless of how an … Continue reading

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ECG localization of myocardial infarction / ischemia and …

Posted: Published on October 18th, 2018

It is often importantto be able to determine the localization of myocardial infarction and ischemia, as well as being able to determine which coronary artery that is iccluded, and where the occlusion may be located. As discussed below, this may facilitate diagnosis of ischemia and infarction, and it may also guide management. For example, administering nitroglycerin(to alleviate ischemic chest pain) may cause hemodynamic collapsein patients with right ventricular ischemia/infarction; therefore, it is crucial to recognize ECG signs of right ventricular ischemia/infarction. Most clinicians will benefit from this knowledge. For cardiologists particularly interventional cardiologists this knowledge is of paramount importance as they must be able to directly pinpoint where the coronary artery occlusion is located (itaffects the selection of coronary catheter). The termculprit which means the guilty one is used to denote the occluded coronary artery. In the vast majority of cases, it is only possible to determine the ischemic/infarct area (and thus the culprit) if the ECG displaysST segment elevations. However, there are a fewdistinct ECG syndromes (e.g Wellens syndrome, de Winters sign, global ST segment depressions) in which it is possible to determine the ischemic/infarct area despite theabsence of ST segment elevations. The two main coronary arteries emanate from … Continue reading

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Myocardial infarction – Simple English Wikipedia, the free …

Posted: Published on October 18th, 2018

An acute myocardial infarction, also called a heart attack, happens when a blood vessel in the heart suddenly becomes blocked. Blood vessels carry blood and oxygen. When a blood vessel in the heart gets blocked, blood cannot get to part of the heart. This part of the heart does not get enough oxygen. This is called ischemia. When the heart muscle becomes ischemic (does not get enough blood and oxygen), the ischemia often causes chest pain. This is called Angina Pectoris. If the ischemia lasts long enough, the heart muscle that is not getting enough oxygen dies. This is called an infarction. "Myocardial infarction" means "infarction (muscle death) in the heart muscle." A heart attack is a medical emergency. The first few minutes are very important for keeping the person alive. Some of the damage from the heart attack can be repaired if the person gets treatment during the first hour of the attack. Most heart attacks are caused by Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). In coronary artery disease, a wax-like material called plaque builds up on the inside walls of arteries in the heart. This is called atherosclerosis. Plaque is made of cholesterol and other cells. The amount of plaque … Continue reading

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Heart Disease in Women | National Heart, Lung, and Blood …

Posted: Published on October 17th, 2018

Certain traits, conditions, or habits may raise your risk forcoronary heart disease(CHD). These conditions are known as risk factors. Risk factors also increase the chance that existing CHD will worsen. Women generally have the same CHD risk factors as men. However, some risk factors may affect women differently than men. For example, diabetes raises the risk of CHD more in women. Also, some risk factors, such as birth control pills and menopause, only affect women. There are many known CHD risk factors. Your risk for CHD andheart attackrises with the number of risk factors you have and their severity. Risk factors tend to "gang up" and worsen each other's effects. Having just one risk factor doubles your risk for CHD. Having two risk factors increases your risk for CHD fourfold. Having three or more risk factors increases your risk for CHD more than tenfold. Also, some risk factors, such as smoking and diabetes, put you at greater risk for CHD and heart attack than others. More than 75 percent of women aged 40 to 60 have one or more risk factors for CHD. Many risk factors start during childhood; some even develop within the first 10 years of life. You … Continue reading

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