Dr Leonie Quinn looking at Drosophila (vinegar flies) through the microscope. Credit: Stuart Hay, ANU New research highlights the significant role the surrounding environment of stem cells, known as the niche, might play in the brain size of babies with microcephaly. Mutations in certain genes have been linked with small brains (microcephaly), dwarfism and other developmental defects. Since the discovery of these microcephaly genes, extensive research has been conducted to determine how they cause smaller brains in patients. Although much research has focused on defective neural stem cell function as the likely culprit in causing small brains in patients with a mutation in the microcephaly protein WDR62, researchers at the Australian National University (ANU) have found that reduced brain size is caused by loss of WDR62 function in the stem cell microenvironment. "Using genetic models we found when this gene was mutated in the neural stem cells the brain size wasn't affected at all. The neural stem cells were reduced but the other cells in the brain compensate," said Dr Quinn group leader at The John Curtin School of Medical Research at ANU. "Instead, only reduction of WDR62 in the stem cell microenvironment (or niche) severely reduces brain growth by … Continue reading
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