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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Experiments by Kazutoshi …

Posted: Published on June 3rd, 2015

In 2006, Kazutoshi Takahashi and Shinya Yamanaka reprogrammed mice fibroblast cells, which can produce only other fibroblast cells, to become pluripotent stem cells, which have the capacity to produce many different types of cells. Takahashi and Yamanaka also experimented with human cell cultures in 2007. Each worked at Kyoto University in Kyoto, Japan. They called the pluripotent stem cells that they produced induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) because they had induced the adult cells, called differentiated cells, to become pluripotent stem cells through genetic manipulation. Yamanaka received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012, along with John Gurdon, as their work showed scientists how to reprogram mature cells to become pluripotent. Takahashi and Yamanaka's 2006 and 2007 experiments showed that scientists can prompt adult body cells to dedifferentiate, or lose specialized characteristics, and behave similarly to embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Takahashi and Yamanaka worked together at Kyoto University. Takahashi was a post-doctoral researcher who had earned a graduate degree in biology at the Nara Institute of Science and Technology in Ikoma, Japan. Yamanaka had earned an MD from Kobe University in Kobe, Japan in 1987. In 2004, Yamanaka began working at Kyoto University as a professor, where he … Continue reading →

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Stem Cell Treatment Speeds Up Recovery after Spinal Cord …

Posted: Published on June 2nd, 2015

DURHAM N.C. May. 27 2015 /PRNewswire-iReach/ A new study appearing today inSTEM CELLS Translational Medicinedesigned to test how stem cell injections affect primates with spinal cord injury (SCI) showed the treatments significantly improved the animals motor function recovery and promoted faster healing too. The researchers call their findings a step forward toward the goal of improving outcomes for humans with chronic SCI. Previous research conducted by various groups had indicated stem cell treatments helped rats with SCI. But because there are distinct differences in the nervous system and immunological responses between rodents and primates it is critical to determine how effective and safe the injections might be in a non-human primate SCI model as part of the translational research required for clinical trials explained Hideyuki Okano M.D. Ph.D. of Keio University School of Medicines physiology department and a co-author of the new study. In this study the researchers grafted neural stem/progenitor cells (NS/PCs)derived from marmoset (a type of monkey) embryonic stem cells into adult marmosets suffering from a moderately bruised spinal cord. The advantage of using common marmosets is the similarity between their nervous system and immunological responses and those of humans Dr. Okano said. The injections were given 14 … Continue reading →

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Spinal Cord Injury (SCI): Types & Treatment News …

Posted: Published on June 2nd, 2015

The spinal cord consists of the nerves which connect the brain with the body, and is located in the spinal canal. The spinal canal lies inside the human vertebral column or spine, which is formed by all the vertebrae, the intervertebral discs and ligaments - (More information, including pictures, on the human spinal cord can be found here.) Spinal cord injuries (SCI's) have the potential to cause both loss of sensation and movement below the site of injury in persons who experience them. People may experience a spinal cord injury through trauma to the spine; for example in either a fall, or through a car accident. People may experience a spinal cord injury which is either incomplete or complete. In persons who have experienced an incomplete spinal cord injury, they may have some level of both feeling and movement remaining below the site of their injury. Persons with SCI may experience additional issues involving control of urination and bowel movements. People who have spinal cord injuries involving their neck many times require specific devices in order to assist them with breathing. Terms such as, 'Paraplegia,' 'Quadriplegia,' and, 'Tetraplegia,' are used to describe medical conditions associated with persons who have experienced … Continue reading →

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Retinitis Pigmentosa | blindness.org

Posted: Published on June 1st, 2015

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) refers to a group of inherited diseases causing retinal degeneration. The cell-rich retina lines the back inside wall of the eye. It is responsible for capturing images from the visual field. People with RP experience a gradual decline in their vision because photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) die. Forms of RP and related diseases include Usher syndrome, Lebers congenital amaurosis, rod-cone disease, Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and Refsum disease, among others. Symptoms depend on whether rods or cones are initially involved. In most forms of RP, rods are affected first. Because rods are concentrated in the outer portions of the retina and are triggered by dim light, their degeneration affects peripheral and night vision. When the more centrally located cones - responsible for color and sharp central vision - become involved, the loss is in color perception and central vision. Night blindness is one of the earliest and most frequent symptoms of RP. People with mainly cone degeneration, however, first experience decreased central vision and ability to discriminate color. RP is typically diagnosed in adolescents and young adults. It is a progressive disorder. The rate of progression and degree of visual loss varies from person to person. Most people … Continue reading →

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First Patients Picked for Stem Cell Vision Trials | Fox News

Posted: Published on June 1st, 2015

Two patients with two different forms of vision loss will soon start treatments made from embryonic stem cells as Advanced Cell Technology kicks off two early-stage clinical trials using the controversial and powerful cells. The patients were enrolled at the Jules Stein Eye Institute at the University of California, Los Angeles, Advanced Cell said on Thursday. It did not release the patients' names. The company won U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval in January to try out human embryonic stem cells for treating macular degeneration, a common cause of vision loss. That followed FDA approval in November to test human embryonic stem cells to treat people with a progressive form of blindness called Stargardt's macular dystrophy. Both trials will test the safety and tolerability of retinal pigment epithelial, or RPE cells, which ACT makes from human embryonic stem cells. Each study will enroll 12 patients, with groups of three testing different doses of the cells. Dr. Robert Lanza, chief scientific officer of ACT, said in an email that the company planned to start stem cell transplants within the next few weeks. "After a decade of extensive research and preclinical studies, it is very satisfying to finally be moving into the … Continue reading →

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Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy in the Sports Knee

Posted: Published on June 1st, 2015

Abstract Background: The relationship between biological tissue healing following knee injury or surgery and long-term clinical outcome has come to the forefront of sports medicine practice. This has led many knee surgeons to incorporate biologically mediated healing factors into the management of knee injuries. In particular, the clinical use of mesenchymal stem cells has opened new horizons. Relevant studies were identified through a search of PubMed from January 2000 to April 2011, combining the term mesenchymal stem cells with articular cartilage, anterior cruciate ligament, and meniscus. Relevant citations from the reference lists of selected studies were also reviewed. Knee injury treatment with mesenchymal stem cells shows potential. Most reports represent animal model studies; few advances have been translated to human clinical applications. Mesenchymal stem cell use to promote healing following knee injury is likely to increase. There are scientific methodological concerns and ethical and legal issues regarding mesenchymal stem cell use for treating knee injuries. Keywords: biological tissue healing, cell-based therapy, cartilage repair Many patients who have sustained knee injuries desire treatment options that will enable them to continue sports participation. Over the past several years, the sports medicine community has seen an increase in the use of biological agents, … Continue reading →

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The Amazing Mesenchymal Stem Cell | QUANTITATIVE MEDICINE

Posted: Published on June 1st, 2015

The body has a variety of stem and progenitor cells that can morph into regular every-day cells. Most have a restricted repertoire. It seems, though, that mesenchymal cells can become a large variety of tissue types. This has great importance for replacement and repair of damaged organs and joints. Some of our cells are permanent: neurons and muscle being good examples, and some renew, like skin, and the intestines. The ones that renew, wear out. To make sure the new cells are fresh and whole, thay are made from stem cells or progenitor cells. Such cells are usually protected. Read all about stem cells here. The potency of a stem cell refers to its ability to generate other sorts of cells. The most potent is the fertilized egg. It, quite clearly, can generate every possible cell in our body. It is called toti-potent. None of the stem cells in an adult are that powerful. At least in vertebrates: . crustaceans stem cells are more stemmylobsters can regenerate all sorts of thingsclaws, eyes, etc. But for humans, the stem cells are limited, some very much so. The ones that generate intestines, for instance, can generate only the four types of cells … Continue reading →

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T Cell Therapy (CTL019) | The Children’s Hospital of …

Posted: Published on May 31st, 2015

CTL019 is a clinical trial of T cell therapyfor patients with B cell cancers such as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), and the adult disease chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). At this time, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia is the only hospital enrolling pediatric patientson this trial. In July 2014, CTL019 was awarded Breakthrough Therapy designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of relapsed and refractory adult and pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The investigational therapy is the first personalized cellular therapy for the treatment of cancer to receive this important classification. In this clinical trial, immune cells called T cells are taken from a patient's own blood. These cells are genetically modified to express a protein which will recognize and bind to a target called CD19, which is found on cancerous B cells. This is how T cell therapy works: 30 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (25 children and 5 adults) have been treatedusing T cell therapy.Of those patients: The most recent results were published in The New England Journal of Medicine in October 2014. Scientists at The Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania are very hopeful that CTL019 … Continue reading →

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Cardiology.org

Posted: Published on May 31st, 2015

What is Cardiology.org Cardiology.org is a web site maintained by the Clinical Exercise Physiology Consortium for educational purposes and to let people known about us. The consortium is led by Dr. Ashley, Dr. Myers and Dr. Froelicher. Non-funded research and educational opportunities for pre-medical, medical, and post-medical US and International graduates are available through Stanford. The Stanford requirements for visiting scholars must be met including verification of external funding. The Heart Failure Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Consortium - The Heart Failure CPX Consortium is a collaborative group including Stanford, Virginia Commonwealth University, the LeBauer Cardiovascular Research Foundation, Greensboro, the Palo Alto VA Hospital, the University of Milano and others. read more... Exercise and Health This lecture provides a comprehensive review of the risk and benefits of exercise. Preventing Cardiovascular Athletic deaths This lecture focuses on the causes of athletic deaths and strategies to prevent them. View and download all slides NEW: Video of Electrode Placement for performing a ECG Then watch the musical version See the article here: Cardiology.org … Continue reading →

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What is a Cardiologist? – Welcome to CardioSmart

Posted: Published on May 31st, 2015

A cardiologist is a doctor with special training and skill in finding, treating and preventing diseases of the heart and blood vessels. What is an F.A.C.C.? An F.A.C.C. is a Fellow of the American College of Cardiology. Based on their outstanding credentials, achievements, and community contribution to cardiovascular medicine, physicians who are elected to fellowship can use F.A.C.C., Fellow of the American College of Cardiology, as a professional designation. The strongest evidence of achievement for those who earn the F.A.C.C insignia comes from their peers. Letters of sponsorship from other F.A.C.C.s and medical school faculty attest to professional competence and commitment to excellence, and are necessary for election to Fellowship in the College. When accepting election to Fellowship in ACC, each physician pledges, "cooperation and loyalty to the attainment of the ideals" of the College, the most important of which is to promote excellence in cardiovascular care. Each year at ACC's Annual Scientific Session, newly appointed Fellows take part in the convocation ceremony honoring their new rank as F.A.C.C. and reaffirming the commitment to furthering optimal cardiovascular care. New Fellows receive their certificate of Fellowship and are officially recognized as Fellows of the College at the convocation ceremony. How are … Continue reading →

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