Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent cells found in multiple human adult tissues including bone marrow, synovial tissues, and adipose tissues. Since they are derived from the mesoderm, they have been shown to differentiate into bone, cartilage, muscle, and adipose tissue.[1] MSCs from embryonic sources have shown promise scientifically while creating significant controversy. As a result, many researchers have focused on adult stem cells [1], or stem cells isolated from adult humans that can be transplanted into damaged tissue. Because of their multi-potent capabilities, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) lineages have been used successfully in animal models to regenerate articular cartilage and in human models to regenerate bone.[2][3][4] Recent research demonstrates that articular cartilage may be able to be repaired via percutaneous introduction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs).[5] Research into MSCs has exploded in recent years. As an example, a PubMed search for the year 1999 reveals about 90 papers published under the MESH heading of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, the same search ran for the year 2007 reveals more than 4,000 entries. The most commonly used source of MSCs is bone marrow aspirate. Most of the adult bone marrow consists of blood cells in various stages of differentiation.[6] These marrow components … Continue reading
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