Dec 23, 2013 by Daniel Stolte Thanks to a special imaging technique, the nucleus is visible here in green inside a plant cell. Credit: David Galbraith/BIO5 Researchers have successfully isolated and sequenced the entire messenger RNA the "genetic photocopies" contained in the nucleus of a single brain cell. This research, published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, will help researchers better understand how organs function in health and disease and provide another stepping stone toward personalized medicine. Most cells in animals and plants contain a nucleus, which stores the cell's DNA. Since the DNA never leaves the nucleus, the information stored in the genetic material has to be copied before it can serve in its role as a blueprint for protein synthesis, which happens outside the nucleus. This is accomplished by transcribing sequences of the DNA code into strands of so-called "messenger" RNA. The entirety of messenger RNA at any given time is called the transcriptome; the entirety of DNA inside the nucleus is referred to as the genome. Transcriptomes tell researchers which genes are being actively transcribed at any given time, and therefore are indicative of a cell's identity and condition. A team of researchers … Continue reading
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