It was 2012, and research into brain-machine interfaces was stuck. The technology, which links brain waves to devicessuch as computers or robotic arms, promised to open the world back up for paralyzed peoplebut it was held up by a fundamental issue. The surgery to implant a sensor involved drilling into peoples skulls.
Several companies have sprung up around this technology, including BrainGate and Elon Musks recent entry,Neuralink. But the high bar around approaches that require open-brain surgery means the journey to commercialization is long and tough.
Thats part of the reason we got to human trials first, said Thomas Oxley, M.D., Ph.D., CEO of Synchron, a company that puts its sensor into the brain through blood vessels using a catheter. Oxley pitched the idea to the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, and the company, then called SmartStent, was born.
Like this story? Subscribe to FierceBiotech!
Biopharma is a fast-growing world where big ideas come along every day. Our subscribers rely on FierceBiotech as their must-read source for the latest news, analysis and data in the world of biotech and pharma R&D. Sign up today to get biotech news and updates delivered to your inbox and read on the go.
RELATED: FDA drafts leapfrog guidance on brain-computer interface tech
The company hasimplanted its Stentrode device into the first patient of a clinical trial in Synchros native Melbourne, Australia. The study will assess the technologys ability to restore communication in people with severe paralysis caused by various conditions, including stroke, spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
The Stentrode, along with a transmitter implanted in the chest and a set of cross-platform apps, form a brain-machine interface that captures brain signals and translates them into actions.
Like its name suggests, the Stentrode looks like a stentthe thin devices used for decades to treat cardiovascular diseasesbut with sensors on it. It is delivered through the jugular vein up into the brain and is deposited in the motor cortex. Although this part of the brain is often called the command center that controls the bodys movement, Synchron thinks of it more as a volition center.
Not movement, but the control of movement. We want to take the thoughts or the free will of a person who wants to attempt to move something and turn it into a digital output, Oxley said.
RELATED: Brain-computer interface allows paralyzed patients to use off-the-shelf tablet
During the implantation procedure, the physician runs a wire down from the brain under the skin to the chest. Captured brain signals travel down this lead to a second implant, called BrainPort, which transmits the data wirelessly to a smart device that processes it and interacts with other devices running Synchrons software.
All of this takes place through a 2-mm incision in the neck, Oxley said.
Synchron thinks about overcoming paralysis in three ways: failure of talking, failure of your hands and failure of your legs, Oxley said. We want to test the apps we are building in a trial to demonstrate that patients can control an app that overcomes paralysis, starting with speech.
Most people think of speech as talking out loud, with Stephen Hawkings talking machine coming to mind. In contrast, Synchron is focusing on the digital word, in Oxleys words: texting.
We are essentially building a UX that enables people to deliver text messages completely hands-freethat's what we consider digital speech. We are generating key presses that a patient learns to control through our UX that weve recorded through the motor cortex, he said. The study will look at how fast and how accurately patients write text messages using the interface.
RELATED: Synchron bags $10M Series A for brain-machine interface implant
Synchrons system uses electrocorticography, or ECoG, to measure electrical activity in the brain. It then uses machine-learning algorithms to break the brain signal down into different frequencies and connect particular thoughts with spikes in different frequencies.
The algorithm knows when a user is attempting to do something and watches for the spikes in frequency changes and map that to an output. The patient learns to control the process, Oxley said. Were taking a part of the brain that previously controlled muscle and, now the patient is paralyzed, we are repurposing that part of the brain to control a digital output.
Synchron is in talks with the FDA over its regulatory strategy and plans to use data gleaned from this first study to design a pivotal study for U.S. approval.
Link:
Synchron kicks off clinical trial for brain-machine interfacewithout drilling skulls - FierceBiotech
- Muscular .Dystrophy -Successful-treatment by acupressure , Ayurveda, Yoga - May 10th, 2011 [May 10th, 2011]
- Muscular Dystrophy Treatment - Todd Harrison Improving Balance - May 16th, 2011 [May 16th, 2011]
- Oculopharyngeal Muscular Dystrophy (OPMD): Exploring Causes and Treatment - May 20th, 2011 [May 20th, 2011]
- Muscular Dystrophy Treatment - Todd Harrison holding body weight - May 21st, 2011 [May 21st, 2011]
- David G VECTTOR Muscular Dystrophy Treatment double arm strength month 6 - May 22nd, 2011 [May 22nd, 2011]
- David Gould Becker Muscular Dystrophy VECTTOR Treatment - June 2nd, 2011 [June 2nd, 2011]
- Muscular Dystrophy Halo - June 3rd, 2011 [June 3rd, 2011]
- Muscular Dystrophy VECTTOR Treatment Documentary - Todd's 6 Month Journey - June 7th, 2011 [June 7th, 2011]
- Muscular Dystrophy Treatment Results - David Gould - New Footage - June 8th, 2011 [June 8th, 2011]
- Muscular Dystrophy - Rewriting History with VECTTOR - June 10th, 2011 [June 10th, 2011]
- Muscular Dystrophy - David Gould 5 month VECTTOR treatment for BMD - June 12th, 2011 [June 12th, 2011]
- Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy Stem Cell Treatment - Reelabs India - June 14th, 2011 [June 14th, 2011]
- Muscular Dystrophy VECTTOR Treatment - Todd Harrison/Luau Presentation - June 16th, 2011 [June 16th, 2011]
- Dr. William Rader - Muscular Dystrophy Breakthrough - June 16th, 2011 [June 16th, 2011]
- Muscular Dystrophy patient at Xcell-center - Nabeel Mohamed Abdulhusain, 46 years - June 17th, 2011 [June 17th, 2011]
- Charlie's Story: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Part 4 - July 18th, 2011 [July 18th, 2011]
- Muscular Dystrophy VECTTOR Treatment - David Gould/Luau Presentation - July 19th, 2011 [July 19th, 2011]
- Testimonial 4 of Muscular Dystrophy after Stem Cell Therapy - August 5th, 2011 [August 5th, 2011]
- Drug Combo Dynamic in Muscular Dystrophy - August 9th, 2011 [August 9th, 2011]
- Testimonial for Fetal Stem Cell Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - August 25th, 2011 [August 25th, 2011]
- Improvement seen in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy after Stem Cell Therapy - September 11th, 2011 [September 11th, 2011]
- Muscular Dystrophy STS/VECTTOR treatment results - September 24th, 2011 [September 24th, 2011]
- Muscular Dystrophy VECTTOR Treatment Documentary - Todd's One Year Journey - October 2nd, 2011 [October 2nd, 2011]
- Muscular Dystrophy Treatment Day 18 - Todd Harrison's Improvement - October 2nd, 2011 [October 2nd, 2011]
- Wang Yisheng - Muscular Dystrophy Adult Stem Cell Patient - October 9th, 2011 [October 9th, 2011]
- Becker Muscular Dystrophy Miracle TREATMENT - October 11th, 2011 [October 11th, 2011]
- Muscular dystrophy patient_Kleber_Brazil.wmv - October 12th, 2011 [October 12th, 2011]
- Testimonial 1 of Muscular Dystrophy after Stem Cell Therapy - Video - October 18th, 2011 [October 18th, 2011]
- Becker Muscular Dystrophy STS Treatment - Video - October 18th, 2011 [October 18th, 2011]
- Potential Stem Cell treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - Video - October 21st, 2011 [October 21st, 2011]
- Muscular Dystrophy treated by Dr Rajesh Shah at Life Force - Video - October 22nd, 2011 [October 22nd, 2011]
- Defying Muscular Dystrophy - I Made It - Video - October 23rd, 2011 [October 23rd, 2011]
- Becker Muscular Dystrophy AMAZING treatment results - Video - October 27th, 2011 [October 27th, 2011]
- First targeted treatment success for Duchenne muscular dystrophy - Video - November 6th, 2011 [November 6th, 2011]
- 125 Days of VECTTOR Treatment Progress - November 18th, 2011 [November 18th, 2011]
- Becker Muscular Dystrophy WALKING ABILITY IMPROVED - Video - November 25th, 2011 [November 25th, 2011]
- PT Muscular Dystrophy Treatment Results - Video - December 5th, 2011 [December 5th, 2011]
- Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Treated by Cellmedicine - Video - January 8th, 2012 [January 8th, 2012]
- muscular DYSTROPHY treatment IN HOMEOPATH.mp4 - Video - January 28th, 2012 [January 28th, 2012]
- Giulio's strategy is to cure dystrophy with stem cell treatment - Video - January 31st, 2012 [January 31st, 2012]
- Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy is a Featured Nonprofit Selected by Webkinz(TM) Foundation - February 1st, 2012 [February 1st, 2012]
- MDA Awards More Than $12 Million in Grants to Advance Neuromuscular Disease Research - February 1st, 2012 [February 1st, 2012]
- "For treatment we will have in the future" - Video - February 2nd, 2012 [February 2nd, 2012]
- Renowned Pediatric Cardiology Physician-Scientist Linda Cripe Joins Nationwide Children's Hospital - February 3rd, 2012 [February 3rd, 2012]
- JumpStart Invests $250,000 in Milo Biotechnology - February 14th, 2012 [February 14th, 2012]
- When nerve meets muscle, biglycan seals the deal - February 14th, 2012 [February 14th, 2012]
- Medical clinics offer help for Big Island children - February 16th, 2012 [February 16th, 2012]
- Dateline Long Beach: The Aquatic Center brings swim therapy to disabled - February 19th, 2012 [February 19th, 2012]
- Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy Awards $500,000 to Tivorsan Pharmaceuticals - February 21st, 2012 [February 21st, 2012]
- Cure Duchenne Announces Three New Funded Research Projects to Help Develop Treatments and Find a Cure for Duchenne ... - February 21st, 2012 [February 21st, 2012]
- Ligand Licenses DARA Program to Retrophin - February 21st, 2012 [February 21st, 2012]
- AVI BioPharma Regains NASDAQ Compliance - February 23rd, 2012 [February 23rd, 2012]
- Scientists create potent molecules aimed at treating muscular dystrophy - February 23rd, 2012 [February 23rd, 2012]
- AVI BioPharma Announces Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2011 Financial Results and Corporate Update Conference Call - February 23rd, 2012 [February 23rd, 2012]
- Pembroke's Christine McSherry is an 'Inspirational Woman' - February 25th, 2012 [February 25th, 2012]
- The Rare Clinical Diseases Research Network - February 25th, 2012 [February 25th, 2012]
- A Solution for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? - Research Summary - February 28th, 2012 [February 28th, 2012]
- A Solution for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy? -- In Depth Doctor's Interview - February 28th, 2012 [February 28th, 2012]
- Antisense oligonucleotides make sense in myotonic dystrophy - February 28th, 2012 [February 28th, 2012]
- A life of dependence - February 29th, 2012 [February 29th, 2012]
- Nationwide Children's Hospital neuromuscular disorder podcasts now available on iTunes - March 2nd, 2012 [March 2nd, 2012]
- Next-generation DNA sequencing to improve diagnosis for muscular dystrophy - March 6th, 2012 [March 6th, 2012]
- The Dire Limits of Health Care - March 7th, 2012 [March 7th, 2012]
- AVI BioPharma Announces Late-Breaker Oral Presentation of Phase IIb DMD Study at 2012 AAN Annual Meeting in April - March 12th, 2012 [March 12th, 2012]
- Cataracts affect millions of people around the globe, and for many of us they will be a normal part of our aging ... - March 14th, 2012 [March 14th, 2012]
- Your Health: Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy - March 16th, 2012 [March 16th, 2012]
- Newborn Screening for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Shows Promise as an International Model - March 20th, 2012 [March 20th, 2012]
- Newborn screening for DMD shows promise as an international model - March 20th, 2012 [March 20th, 2012]
- Rhenovia launches drug discovery for Huntington's disease - March 20th, 2012 [March 20th, 2012]
- Halo Therapeutics Reports Favorable Independent Review of Lead Drug Candidate HT-100 - March 21st, 2012 [March 21st, 2012]
- Invasive treatment strategy may increase survival for patients with certain neuromuscular disorder - March 28th, 2012 [March 28th, 2012]
- Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy Endorses FAST Act Legislation to Expedite FDA Review of Life-Saving Therapies - March 29th, 2012 [March 29th, 2012]
- AVI BioPharma Announces Conference Call and Webcast on Monday, April 2, 2012, to Discuss Top-Line Data Results From ... - March 31st, 2012 [March 31st, 2012]
- Drug for rare disease may lift AVI BioPharma shares: Barron's - April 2nd, 2012 [April 2nd, 2012]
- AVI BioPharma Announces Eteplirsen Meets Primary Endpoint, Demonstrating a Significant Increase in Dystrophin at 24 ... - April 2nd, 2012 [April 2nd, 2012]
- U.S. Stock Futures Little Changed Before Factory Report - April 2nd, 2012 [April 2nd, 2012]
- Leading experts on congenital muscular dystrophy convene at University of Nevada, Reno - April 20th, 2012 [April 20th, 2012]
- Nature Publishes Work Utilizing N-Gene's Core Technology to Advance the Treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy - April 20th, 2012 [April 20th, 2012]
- Getting the boots filled - April 29th, 2012 [April 29th, 2012]
- Local business, civic leaders 'arrested' for MDA fundraiser - May 3rd, 2012 [May 3rd, 2012]